Diplomasi Pertahanan Dalam Kerjasama Reduction Emission From Deforestation And Forest Degradation Plus Conservation (REDD+) Tahun 2011-2015 Terhadap Peningkatan Posisi Tawar Indonesia

Abstract

Abstrak - Serangkaian program dikeluarkan oleh dunia untuk menekan laju perubahan iklim. Salah satu program penurunan emisi ditekankan kepada sektor kehutan dengan penanganan kebakaran dan degradasi di kawasan hutan tropis. Indonesia sebagai negara pemilik hutan tropis terbesar ketiga di dunia mempunyai tanggung jawab besar dalam kerjasama REDD+ yang merupakan bentuk kerjasama antara negara berkembang dengan negara-negara maju. Disisi lain, lingkungan memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam pertahanan semesta Indonesia. Serangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam kerjasama REDD+ dapat mempengaruhi model pertahanan semesta tersebut. Pelibatan sektor militer di dalam pencapaian komitmen Indonesia sangat dibutuhkan karena lingkungan adalah komponen pendukung pertahanan negara dan menjadi kewajiban seluruh rakyat Indonesia untuk dijaga dan dilindungi bersama. Adapun yang menjadi pertanyaan di dalam penelitian ini berkaitan dengan hubungan antara lingkungan dengan pertahanan negara, diplomasi pertahanan yang digunakan di dalam kerjasama REDD+, serta peningkatan posisi tawar Indonesia melalui kerjasama tersebut. Teori besar yang digunakan adalah Green Theory yang diperkuat dengan konsep diplomasi pertahanan dan interdependensi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara dan tinjauan pustaka yang dianggap relevan. Diharapkan hasil akhir penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai peran lingkungan terhadap pertahanan negara dan membuka peluang pelibatan sektor pertahanan dalam kerjasama berbasis lingkungan.

Kata Kunci : Reduction Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus Conservation (REDD+), diplomasi, lingkungan hidup, pertahanan semesta, posisi tawar.

Abstract - A series of programs was issued by countries of the world to supress the increasing rate of climate change. One of the emission reduction programs was launched and focused in the forestry, especially in the sector of reducing forest fires and degradation in tropical forest area. Indonesia as the largest forest country in the world has the biggest responsibility for REDD+ cooperation which is a form of cooperation between developing countries and developed countries that focuses on preventing the emission from deforestation and degradation. On the other hand, the environment is considered vital in the total defense system of Indonesia. A series of activities was done during the REDD+ cooperation could affect the defense model. The involvement of the military in reaching the commitment is needed because the environment is a vital component of the state support and it is the duty of all Indonesian people to protect it together. This study aims to explain the relations between the environment, the state, defense diplomacy that is practiced in the REDD+ cooperation, and the improvement of Indonesia's bargaining power through the cooperation. The core theory used in this study is the green theory that is reinforced with defense diplomacy and interdependence concepts. The method of this study is by collecting data with interviews and literature study. At the end, this study expects an overview of the role of the environment in terms of strengthening national defense and opening opportunities for defense sector’s involvement in environmental cooperations as the final outcome.

Keywords: Reduction Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus Conservation (REDD+), diplomacy, environment, total defense, bargaining position.