ANALISIS UPAYA STRATEGIS MENGHADAPI ANCAMAN ANTRAKS SEBAGAI SENJATA BIOLOGI

Authors

  • Fatih Akbar Imara Universitas Pertahanan
  • Sovian Aritonang Universitas Pertahanan
  • Masdalina Pane Universitas Pertahanan

Abstract

Senjata biologi telah banyak digunakan untuk tujuan teror atupun peperangan sejak dulu sampai awal abad 21 ini. Salah satunya adalah antraks, berasal dari Bacillus anthracis yang telah terbukti dapat memberikan teror ancaman biologi. Antraks merupakan penyakit endemik di Indonesia yang diketahui keberadaannya sejak awal abad 20. Ancaman antraks sebagai senjata biologi ini dapat dilihat dari sejarah, potensi penyakit yang berada di Indonesia, dan kecanggihan teknologi yang bisa disalahgunakan untuk teror. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis antraks sebagai ancaman pertahanan negara, dan memberi masukan mengenai upaya strategis menghadapi ancaman antraks sebagai senjata biologi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif melalui pendektan wawancara dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Antraks menjadi ancaman pertahanan negara sebab Indonesia merupakan daerah endemik antraks, dan secara histori antraks telah dijadikan sebagai senjata biologi. Antraks sebagai senjata biologi mengancam keamanan manusia dari segi ekonomi, lingkungan, dan sosial. Strategi menghadapi ancaman antraks sebagai senjata biologis dapat dianalisis dengan penentuan “tujuan”, “cara”, dan “sarana”. Penentuan “cara” dilakukan dengan menganalisis issue area, securitizing actors, security concept, process, dan degree of securitization. Penentuan “sarana” melalui pendekatan analisis prasyarat infrastruktur konseptual perluasan agenda keamanan dan prasyarat upaya biodefense. Ada 5 hal penting dalam perumusan strategi penanganan ancaman biologi antraks yaitu 1) Kesiapan rumah sakit; 2) Teknologi; 3) Kesiapan masyarakat; 4) Respon tanggap darurat 5) Koordinasi antar lembaga/sistem.

Kata Kunci: Strategi, Antraks, Senjata Biologi

References

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Perundang - Undangan

Undang – Undang No. 3 Tahun 2002 Tentang Pertahanan Negara.

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Published

2019-08-30

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Industri Pertahanan

Section

Articles

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Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)