ANALISIS NASIONALISME NELAYAN INDONESIA DI KAPAL MALAYSIA DALAM PENANGKAPAN IKAN ILEGAL DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstrak - Dunia keamanan maritim saat ini tidak hanya membahas konsep pertahanan di laut dari ancaman militer asing saja, melainkan sudah membahas berbagai ancaman non militer salah satunya penangkapan ikan secara ilegal. Saat ini tindak pidana penangkapan ikan secara ilegal tidak hanya dilakukan oleh kapal ikan asing dengan anak buah kapal asing saja, tetapi kali ini muncul fenomena kapal ikan asing menggunakan anak buah kapal asal Indonesia lalu melakukan pelanggaran tindak pidana perikanan di perairan Indonesia. Beberapa kali terjadi penangkapan kapal ikan berbendera Malaysia dengan anak buah kapal asal Indonesia sejak pertengahan Tahun 2015. Maraknya keterlibatan nelayan Indonesia dalam kejahatan tersebut selain karena faktor ekonomi juga mengindikasikan lunturnya rasa nasionalisme mereka sehingga diperlukan peran Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Tesis ini disusun menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan mengeksplorasi dan memahami masalah dari sejumlah atau sekelompok orang dari data primer dan data sekunder yang didapat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata anak buah kapal yang bekerja di kapal ikan Malaysia berasal dari daerah Sumatera Utara, Kepulauan Riau, Kalimantan Barat, Sulawesi Selatan dan Sulawesi Tenggara. Penyebab mereka melakukan pencurian ikan di negaranya sendiri lalu membawanya ke Malaysia, karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman Wawasan Nusantara dan Nasionalisme, namun para anak buah kapal tersebut masih memiliki semangat nasionalisme yang baik bahkan mereka siap membela negaranya bila dibutuhkan untuk berperang. Sedangkan kebijakan dan program Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah masih bersifat membantu perekonomian nelayan saja, seperti Program Bantuan Sarana Penangkapan Ikan, Bantuan Perlengkapan Budidaya Apung, Sosialisasi Pemanfaatan Daerah Pesisir dan Pembinaan Pengoperasian Alat Tangkap Ramah Lingkungan.

Kata kunci: Penangkapan Ikan Secara Ilegal, Kapal Ikan Malaysia, Anak Buah Kapal, Nasionalisme.

Abstract - The world of maritime security today is not only discussing the concept of defense at sea from foreign military threats, but also discussing various non-military threats such as illegal fishing. Currently illegal fishing theft is not only conducted by foreign fishing vessels with their foreign crew, in several occasion, there are rising phenomenon where foreign fishing vessels using Indonesian crew to commit a criminal act of fishery in Indonesia. Since mid 2015, several incidents have been recorded, explaining the capture of Malaysian flagship with Indonesian crew. The rise of Indonesian fishermen involvement in this kind of crime, aside from economic factors, also indicates dissipation of their nationalism. Based on that, there is a need to see the role of Central and Regional Government to solve the problem. This thesis is using qualitative research as the methodology by exploring and trying to understand the problems from a number of group of people perspectives as the primary sources and also  data from the secondary that have been obtained. The results shown that the average crew working in Malaysian fishing boats were coming from North Sumatra, Riau Islands, West Borneo, South Celebes and Southeast Celebes. The act of crime conducted by Indonesian crew on the foreign  vessels caused by a lack of understanding on nationalism and Nusantara insight, in the other side, the crew were still uphold the spirit of nationalism and ready to defend the whenever needed. However, the policies and programs created by Central and Regional Government were still focusing and assisting the fishermen's economy, such as Fishing Facility Aid Program, Aquaculture Equipment Aid, Coastal Use Utilization and Development of Eco-Friendly Equipment Operation.

Keywords: Illegal Fishing, Malaysia’s Fishing Vessels, The Crews, Nationalism.