SINERGI ANTARA KELOMPOK MASYARAKAT PENGAWAS (POKMASWAS) DAN PEMBINAAN DESA PESISIR (BINDESIR) UNTUK MEMBENTUK SATUAN ARMADA NELAYAN (SATARMANEL) DALAM RANGKA MENCEGAH ANCAMAN KEAMANAN MARITIM
Abstract
Abstrak - Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan yang terbesar di dunia dengan luas lautan mencapai 5,8 juta KM2. Kondisi seperti ini dapat memberikan peluang juga ancaman dalam bidang keamanan maritim. Keterbatasan armada dari instansi penegak hukum laut juga menjadi permasalahan yang tak kunjung usai. Untuk menanggulangi ancaman-ancaman keamanan maritim di wilayah laut Indonesia, maka dibutuhkan sea power yang kuat dan mumpuni. Sea power bukan hanya dilaksanakan oleh Angkatan Laut dan instansi penegak hukum laut saja tetapi juga melibatkan peran masyarakat pesisir dalam hal ini nelayan. Penggunaan sipil sebagai komponen pendukung militer di laut sudah ada sejak abad pertengahan, mereka dikenal sebagai perompak dan korsario. Saat ini Tiongkok juga melibatkan nelayan beserta kapal penangkapan ikannya untuk ikut menjaga kepentingan Tiongkok di laut yang disebut sebagai Milisi Maritim China. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa implementasi bagi Satuan Armada Nelayan dan peran Satuan Armada Nelayan dalam hal pencegahan ancaman keamanan maritim. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang akan digunakan yaitu sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, pertama Satuan Armada Nelayan dalam mencegah ancaman keamanan maritim dapat dimplementasikan melalui sinergitas dan kolaborasi antara Kelompok Masyarakat Pengawas (POKMASWAS) bentukan Pengawas Sumber Daya Kelautan dan Perikanan KKP dan Pembinaan Desa Pesisir (BINDESIR) bentukan Dinas Potensi Maritim TNI AL; kedua, Pokmaswas lebih menitik beratkan pada pencegahan ancaman keamanan maritim di bidang sumberdaya kelautan, sementara nelayan yang telah dibina oleh TNI AL (Bindesir) meliputi ancaman di bidang kelautan dan perikanan dan ancaman lain seperti pencurian, perampokan dan penyelundupan barang-barang illegal.
Kata Kunci : Nelayan, Pokmaswas, Bindesir, Ancaman Keamanan Maritim
Abstract - Indonesia is the biggest archipelagic state with sea area reaching 5.8 million KM2. This condition gives both opportunities and threats. Limitations of fleet from the law enforcement bodies has also become unresolved problem. To tackle down maritime security threats, strong and capable sea power is required. Sea power is not only executed by navy and maritime law enforcement bodies, but also involves fishermen. The idea of using civilians as military supporting component on the sea has been there since middle ages, they were known as pirates or korsario. Today, China has also been involving their fishermen as well as their fishing vessels to maintain China’s interests on the sea, they are called as Chinese Maritime Militia. This research aims to analyze the suitable implementation for Satuan Armada Nelayan (Fishermen Fleet Unit) and its role in preventing maritime security threats. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. There are two types of data sources which are primary and secondary data sources. The result of this research shows that, First Fishermen Fleet Unit can be implemented through sinergy and collaboration of Kelompok Masyarakat Pengawas (POKMASWAS) which is formed by Pengawas Sumber Daya Kelautan dan Perikanan and Pembinaan Desa Pesisir (BINDESIR) by Dinas Potensi Maritim under Indonesian Navy; second, POKMASWAS emphasizes on the prevention of maritime security threats in marine resources, while the fishermen who has been coached by Indonesian navy (BINDESIR) covers the prevention of maritime security threats in marine resources and other threats such as looting, robberies, or illegal smuggling.
Keywords: Fishermen, POKMASWAS, BINDESIR, Maritime Security Threats
References
Referensi
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Djanieb, S. 2014. Sinergitas Patroli Keamanan Laut TNI AL dan Polri pada Penanganan Tindak Kejahatan di Teluk Jakarta, (Tesis). Bogor: Universitas Pertahanan.
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Makalah dan Laporan
Jones, S. 2012. The Strategic Logic of Militia. Working Paper. RAND.
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