PEMILIHAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL TERLUAR (PPKT) UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH PERTAHANAN MENGGUNAKAN SPATIAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (SDSS) STUDI KASUS: PPKT DI KEPULAUAN TANIMBAR, PROVINSI MALUKU
Abstract
Abstrak – Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pertahanan Nomor 19 Tahun 2015 tentang Kebijakan Penyelenggaraan Pertahanan Tahun 2015-2019 menyebutkan bahwa salah satu bentuk kebijakan pembangunan pertahanan negara di wilayah maritim yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia adalah pembangunan wilayah pertahanan di Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar (PPKT). Indonesia memiliki 111 PPKT yang membentang di sepanjang garis perbatasan Indonesia. Namun, pemanfaatan atas PPKT tersebut sangat beragam dan hanya PPKT tertentu yang dapat digunakan sebagai wilayah pertahanan. Atas dasar itu, diperlukan suatu model pengambilan keputusan dalam pemilihan PPKT yang paling tepat untuk dijadikan wilayah pertahanan. Penelitian menggunakan metode kombinasi atau mixed method. Dalam penelitian ini, Kepulauan Tanimbar, Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat ditetapkan sebagai studi kasus berdasarkan typical case sampling, dimana di wilayah Kepulauan tersebut terdapat empat PPKT, antara lain Pulau Larat, Pulau Asutubun, Pulau Batarkusu, dan Pulau Selaru. Analisa dalam peneltian ini menggunakan Spatial Decisions Support System (SDSS), mengkombinasikan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dan Analytical Hierarchi Process (AHP). Hasil dari penelitian diketahui bahwa dalam pemilihan PPKT sebagai wilayah pertahanan perlu mempertimbangkan dua faktor, yaitu faktor potensi ancaman dan faktor geografis. Potensi ancaman di Kepulauan Tanimbar antara lain Blok Masela, Blok Moa Selatan, Pangkalan Marinir Amerika Serikat di Darwin, Batas Maritim Indonesia-Timor Leste, dan Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia III-B dan III-C. Sedangkan faktor geografis dalam pemilihan wilayah pertahanan adalah tutupan lahan, kelerengan, kerawanan bencana, jarak ke pemukiman, jarak ke sumber air, dan aksesbilitas. Dengan mempertimbangkan kedua faktor di atas, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Pulau Selaru sebagai pulau yang paling tepat untuk dibangun wilayah pertahanan.
Kata Kunci: Pulau-pulau Kecil Terluar (PPKT), Spatial Decisions Support System (SDSS), Wilayah Pertahanan, Kepulauan Tanimbar
Abstract – Based on the Minister of Defense Regulation No. 19 of 2015 concerning the Defense Implementation Policy for 2015-2019 states that one form of national defense development policy in the maritime region is the development of defense areas in Outermost Small Islands (PPKT). Indonesia has 111 PPKT scattered along the Indonesian border line. However, the utilization of PPKT is very diverse and only certain PPKT can be utilized as defense are. Consequently, a model for decision making is needed in choosing the most appropriate PPKT to be used as a defense area. This is a mixed method research. In this research, the Tanimbar Islands, in West Southeast Maluku Regency set as a case study based on a typical case sampling, where in the islands there are four PPKTs, namely Larat Island, Asutubun Island, Batarkusu Island, and Selaru Island. The analysis in this research uses Spatial Decisions Support System (SDSS), combines Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the study revealed that in the selection of PPKT as a defense area it is necessary to consider two main factors, namely the potential threat factors and geographical factors. Potential threats in the Tanimbar Islands include the Masela Block, the South Moa Block, the United States Marine Base in Darwin-Australia, the Indonesia-Timor Leste Maritime Boundary, and the Indonesian Archipelagc Sea Lane III-B and III-C. While geographical factors in the selection of defense areas are land cover, slope, disaster vulnerability, distance to settlement, distance to water sources, and distance to accessibility. Taking into account the two factors above, this study found that Selaru Island was the most appropriate island to be built for defense areas.
Keywords: Outermost Small Islands, Spatial Decisions Support System (SDSS), Defense Area, Tanimbar Island
References
Referensi
Buku
Marwoto, Nanang. 2016. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif; Analisis Isi dan Analisis Data Sekunder. Edisi ke-2, Cetakan ke-5. Jakarta. Rajawali Pers.
Saaty, T.L.. 1980. The Analytic Hierarchy Process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sugurman, R. & Degroote, J. 2011. Spatial Decision Support System; Principles and Practices. New York: CRC Press.
Jurnal
Baby, S. 2013. AHP Modeling for Multicriteria Decision-Making and to Optimise Strategies for Protecting Coastal.
Chou, Jyh-Rong. 2013. “A weighted Linier Combination Ranking Technique for Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis”. SAJEMS Special Issue 16.
Etikan, Ilker, et.all. 2015. “Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling”. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics.
Keenan, P.B. 2006. “Spatial Decision Support System: A Coming of Age”. Control and Cyabernetics, Volume 35. No. 1.
Saaty, Thomas L.. 1994. “How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process”, Institute for Operations Research and the Management Science, Volume 6, Nomor 24.
__________.. 2008. “Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process”. Int. J. Services Sciences, Volume 1, Nomor 1.
__________., Vargas L.G.. 2012. “Models, Methods, Concepts, and Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process”. Springer.
Perundangan dan Peraturan
Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2002 tentang Pertahanan Negara.
Peraturan Menteri Pertahanan Nomor 19 Tahun 2015 tentang Kebijakan Penyelenggaraan Pertahanan Tahun 2015-2019.
Website
ESRI. 2017. “What is GIS?” dalam https://www.esri.com/en-us/what-is-gis/overview diakses pada 25 Juli 2018 Pukul 15.40 WIB
Khoiri, Ahmad Masaul. 2016. “Panglima TNI Ingin Pulau 'Kapal Induk' Segera Terealisasi” dalam https://news.detik.com/berita/3200691/-panglima-tni-ingin-pulau-kapal-induk-segera-terealisasi diakses pada diakses pada 15 Juli 2018
Kurnia, Dadang dan Murdaningsih, Dwi. 2017. “Gatot Pastikan Pembangunan di Pulau Terluar Terus Berlanjut” dalam https://www.republika.co.id/ berita/nasional/umum/17/07/15/ot3k63368-gatot-pastikan-pembangun an-di-pulau-terluar-terus-berlanjut diakses pada 15 Juli 2018
Victoria, Widya. 2016. “Pembangunan 6 Pulau Terluar Ini Jadi Prioritas TNI”. http://keamanan.rmol.co/read/2016/10/20/265100/Pembangunan-6-Pulau-Terluar-Ini-Jadi-Prioritas-TNI- diakses pada 15 Juli 2018
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Delayed Open Access. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
