KEBIJAKAN PENETAPAN PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE SEA AREAS DI SELAT LOMBOK GUNA MENDUKUNG KEAMANAN MARITIM
Abstract
Abstrak - Kebijakan penetapan Selat Lombok sebagai Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) menjadi salah satu upaya perlindungan lingkungan laut yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia dan sudah dibahas sejak tahun 2008. Selat Lombok merupakan ALKI II di masa mendatang dinilai akan mengalami peningkatan aktivitas pelayaran yang berkorelasi positif dengan peningkatan ancaman maritim khususnya kerusakan dan pencemaran laut terhadap daerah sensitif disekitarnya seperti Nusa Penida dan Gili Trawangan. Namun sampai saat ini PSSA Selat Lombok masih belum ditetapkan. Permasalahan penelitian yaitu tentang rencana penetapan Selat Lombok sebagai PSSA dan dampaknya terhadap keamanan maritim Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis keuntungan dan kerugian apabila PSSA diterapkan di Selat Lombok dan hambatan dalam penetapan Selat Lombok sebagai PSSA. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif yang dipertajam dengan Soft System Methodology. Pengolahan dan triangulasi data menggunakan Software NVivo. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rencana penetapan Selat Lombok sebagai PSSA dapat memberikan beberapa keuntungan terutama dalam menjamin tiga aspek keamanan yaitu keamanan maritim, keselamatan maritim dan lingkungan serta menunjukan kedaulatan dan kehadiran negara di wilayah tersebut. Selanjutnya hambatan penetapan Selat Lombok sebagai PSSA pada masa itu diketahui adanya permasalahan kelembagaan sehingga membuat pembahasan dan penyusunan proposal tertunda dan hambatan saat ini adalah terkait resistensi penolakan dari negara-negara penguna ALKI II karena PSSA dinilai akan membatasi ruang gerak kapal dalam berlayar di Selat Lombok. Kesimpulan kebijakan penetapan Selat Lombok sebagai PSSA dapat mendukung kondisi keamanan maritim dan keselamatan maritim di wilayah tersebut. Resistensi penolakan dari negara pengguna ALKI II dapat diatasi dengan mengidentifikasi negara pendukung dan berpotensi menolak serta melalui jalur diplomasi.
Kata Kunci: Kebijakan, Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA), Selat Lombok, Keamanan Maritim
Abstract - The policy of designation the Lombok Strait as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) is one of efforts to protect the marine environment by the Indonesian government and has been discussed since 2008. The Lombok Strait, Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lane (IASL II) is assessed to have increased shipping activities in the future, which are positively correlated with an increase in maritime threats, especially related to sea damage and pollution towards sensitive areas such as Nusa Penida and Gili Trawangan. However the PSSA of Lombok Strait has not yet been established. The research issues were about the plan to establish the Lombok Strait as PSSA and its impact on Indonesian maritime security. The object of the research were to analyze the advantages and disadvantages if PSSA is applied in the Lombok Strait and the obstacles in establishing the Lombok Strait as PSSA. The research used qualitative methods that sharpened by Soft System Methodology. NVivo Software is also used in data processing and triangulation. The result showed that the plan to establish the Lombok Strait as PSSA can provide several advantages, especially in guaranteeing three aspects of security, such as maritime security, maritime safety and the environment, enforcing the sovereignity and presence of countries in the region. Furthermore, the obstacle was known as institutional problems which made the proposal submission of Lombok Strait’s PSSA delayed and the current obstacles were related to rejecting resistance from flag state because PSSA was considered to limit the ship passage in the Lombok Strait. The conclusion of the policy of establishing the Lombok Strait as a PSSA are to support the maritime security and maritime safety in the region. Rejection resistance from flag state can be overcome by identifying supporting coutries and potentially rejecting countries through diplomatic process.
Keywords: Policy, Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA), Lombok Strait, Maritime Security
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