PENGARUH REKLAMASI TELUK JAKARTA TERHADAP KEAMANAN MARITIM DALAM MENDUKUNG KEAMANAN NASIONAL
Abstract
Abstrak – Proyek reklamasi teluk Jakarta adalah proyek yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah DKI Jakarta. Proyek ini menuai permasalahan di masyarakat. Permasalahan reklamasi teluk Jakarta mencakup aspek lingkungan, aspek sosial, aspek ekonomi, aspek pertahanan dan keamanan. Melihat perkembangan lingkungan strategis yang dinamis senantiasa membawa perubahan terhadap spektrum ancaman yang kompleks dan berimplikasi terhadap pertahanan dan keamanan negara. Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah ditemukan adanya gap antara pemerintah dan masyarakat terkait dengan proyek reklamasi. Selain itu, perencanaan proyek reklamasi dinilai pro investor dapat dilihat sebagai suatu potensi ancaman terhadap pertahanan keamanan negara dan persatuan bangsa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh reklamasi teluk Jakarta yang merupakan kebijakan pemerintah terhadap aspek keamanan maritim di Ibu Kota Jakarta dan kaitannya dengan keamanan nasional. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif fenomenologi dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara dan studi pustaka yang dianalisis dengan pendekatan Miles and Huberman. Teori yang digunakan adalah konsep keamanan nasional, teori seapower dan teori keamanan maritim. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat tentang reklamasi teluk Jakarta berbeda-beda. Ada yang mendukung (pro) dan ada yang menolak (kontra). Adanya isu politik terkait dengan pemilihan Gubernur DKI Jakarta memberikan pengaruh terhadap persepsi masyarakat tentang reklamasi teluk Jakarta. Reklamasi teluk Jakarta juga berpengaruh terhadap keamanan maritim yaitu pada aspek lingkungan, sosial, ekonomi, pertahanan dan keamanan. Adapun saran yang diberikan oleh peneliti yaitu dalam pembuatan perencanaan reklamasi teluk Jakarta harus melibatkan seluruh aspek dan multistakeholder yang bertujuan untuk kepentingan umum. Selain itu, pentingnya aspek pertahanan keamanan khususnya keamanan maritim dalam perencanaan reklamasi teluk Jakarta.
Kata Kunci: reklamasi teluk Jakarta, keamanan maritim, keamanan nasional
Abstract - Jakarta’s Coastal Reclamation Project is one of projects which undertaken by the local government of DKI Jakarta. This project leads an issue among communities. The issue impacts to several aspects such as environmental, social, economic and defense and security aspect. The geopolitics and geostrategic condition could give complex threats to the states. Based on the background of the problems, researcher has founded a gap between the government and the communities associated with this reclamation project. In addition, this project is also considered as pro investor and would be a potential threat for state’s defense and national unity. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of reclamation of Jakarta’s Coastal from maritime security’s perspective. Researcher used qualitative methods by using data collecting, interviewing, and literature study tehnique by using Miles and Huberman approached. The theory which being used are concept of national security, seapower, and maritime security. As a coclusion, this thesis figured out that there are vary perceptions regarding this reclamation issue, some of it are pros and cons. This vary perceptions is related to the election of the Governor of DKI Jakarta. Jakarta’s coastal reclamation also impacts to maritime security, such as environmental, social, economic and defense and security aspect. Suggestion from this study is about reclamation plan making have to be more transparant and involve all aspects and multistakeholder which aim for public interest. In addition, the importance of defense and security aspect, especially maritime security for reclamation plan.KeyWords: Jakarta’s bay reclamation, maritime security, national security
References
Referensi
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Peraturan Perundangan
Perpres No.16 Tahun 2017 tentang Kebijakan Kelautan Indonesia.
Perpres Nomor 122 Tahun 2012 tentang Reklamasi di Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil.
Website
Youtube Channel: Mata Najwa 23 Januari 2018 “Nasib Pulau Reklamasi” dalam https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8FDOGWFguE diakses pada 16 Februari 2018.
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