PENCEGAHAN AKSI KEKERASAN MARITIM OLEH KELOMPOK ABU SAYYAF DI LAUT SULAWESI – SULU DALAM KERANGKA KEAMANAN MARITIM (STUDI KASUS KAPAL TUNDA TB BRAHMA 12 – KAPAL TONGKANG BG ANAND 12)
Abstract
Abstrak – Indonesia sebagai negara maritim memandang bahwa keamanan maritim merupakan aspek penting dalam tata kelola domain kemaritiman. Stabilitas dan tatanan yang baik pada semua domain kemaritiman Indonesia menjadi tujuan akhir yang ingin dicapai. Insiden kekerasan maritim terhadap Kapal Tunda TB Brahma 12 – Kapal Tongkang BG Anand 12 merupakan catatan penting dalam tata kelola domain kemaritiman Indonesia meski tempat kejadian perkara (locus delictie) insiden tersebut bukan di perairan Indonesia, tetapi Indonesia berkepentingan terhadap peristiwa tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan berbagai upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemangku kepentingan (stakeholder) keamanan maritim Indonesia agar insiden kekerasan maritim seperti yang menimpa TB Brahma 12 – BG Anand 12 tidak terjadi kembali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sepanjang tahun 2016 kawasan perairan Laut Sulawesi – Sulu merupakan jalur pelayaran paling rawan se-Asia karena ketidakmampuan negara pantai mengontrol wilayah perairannya sehingga memungkinkan pelaku kekerasan maritim menggunakan perairan tersebut melakukan aktivitas ilegal yang mengganggu keamanan maritim. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan beberapa upaya yang dapat dilakukan aksi kekerasan maritim tidak terjadi kembali adalah penyelesaian konflik dalam negeri Filipina, penyelesaian sengketa batas maritim Indonesia-Malaysia dan Malaysia-Filipina, mengimplementasikan segera Patroli Maritim Trilateral Indomalphi yang telah disepakati, mengaktifkan dengan segera Pusat Komando Militer yang telah terbentuk didukung sistem pengawasan dan monitoring yang terintegrasi dan Tim Reaksi Cepat dengan kesiapsiagaan tinggi dan menggagas kemungkinan pelaksanaan cross border pursuit antara ketiga negara.
Kata Kunci: Keamanan Maritim, Kekerasan Maritim, Kelompok Abu Sayyaf, Perompakan Bersenjata Di laut, Jalur Pelayaran Laut Sulawesi – Sulu, Kapal Tunda TB Brahma 12 - Kapal Tongkang BG Anand 12
Abstract - Indonesia as an archipelagic state considers that maritime security is an important aspect of maritime domain governance. Stability and good order at sea on all maritime domains of Indonesia become final goal to be achieved. Maritime violence incident against Tug Boat TB Brahma 12 - Barge BG Anand 12 is an important note in Indonesia maritime domains governance although the location of incident is not on the Indonesian water but Indonesia is concerned about the incident. This study aims to find the various prevention efforts that can be done by the Indonesia maritime security stakeholders so that the incident of maritime violence like TB Brahma 12 incident doesn’t recur. This research uses qualitative research method with case study approach. The data used are primary and secondary data with data collection techniques using indepth interview and documentation study. This study finds that throughout 2016 the Sulawesi – Sulu Sea is the most vulnerable sea lane in Asia because of the inability of coastal states to control their waters so as to enable perpetrators of maritime violence to use these waters to engage illegal activities that disrupt maritime security. This research conclude that the efforts can be taken to prevent the similar incidents do not recur are the settlement of domestic conflicts of the Philippines, the settlement of maritime boundary disputes between Indonesia – Malaysia and Malaysia – Philippines, implementing the agreed Trilateral Maritime Patrol Indomalphi immediately, activating the already established Military Command Center supported with the integrated Control and Monitoring System and Quick Response Team with high readiness, initiating the possibility of cross border pursuit between the three countries.
Keywords: Maritime Security, Maritime Violence, Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), Armed Robbery At Sea, Sea Lane of Sulawesi – Sulu Sea, Tug Boat TB Brahma 12 – Barge BG Anand 12
References
Referensi
Buku
Creswell, J. W. 2015. Penelitian Kualitatif dan Desain Riset : Memilih Diantara Lima Pendekatan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
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Jurnal dan Hasil Penelitian
Keliat, M. 2009. Keamanan Maritim dan Implikasi Kebijakannya Bagi Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Politik JSP, 111-129.
Laporan
ReCAAP. 2016. Special Report on Abducting of Crew from Ships in Waters off Eastern Sabah and Southern Philippines (Part II-III) . Singapore: ReCAAP ISC.
ReCAAP. 2017. Annual Report : Piracy And Armed Robbery Against Ship 2016. Singapore: ReCAAP ISC.
Website
Wiranto, S. (2016, Maret 31). Upaya Atasi Perompak Di Perairan Perbatasan Indonesia-Filipina, Bagian I-III. Dikutip dari Maritime News: http://maritimnews.com/upaya-atasi-perompak-di-perairan-perbatasan-indonesia-filipina-bagian-i-iii
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