ANALISIS JEJARING SOSIAL PADA KOORDINASI KLASTER KESEHATAN DALAM TANGGAP DARURAT BENCANA BANJIR BANDANG GARUT 2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33172/jmb.v5i1.603Abstract
Disaster is the real threat for national security. Flash flood in Garut 2016 was the biggest disaster in West Java during 2016 as well as the worst flash floods in history in Garut regency. Health service efforts during the emergency response period should be undertaken to protect human security. Lack of coordination becomes one of obstacles in the health service efforts during the emergency response period of flash flood in Garut 2016. Therefore, this study aims to see the structure and the key actor of inter-agency coordination of health cluster in emergency response of flash flood Garut 2016. Research design of this study is mix method that used social network analysis as a method of analysis in quantitative approach and Miles & Huberman analysis as a method of analysis in qualitative approach. The study involved 32 respondents who represented 29 health cluster institutions consisting of government, NGO, professional and private organization. The results showed the type of structure of inter-agency coordination of health cluster during the emergency response of flash flood Garut 2016 is lead agency with network density 3%. The problem is the coordination chain is quite long because it requires 3-6 liaison agencies, but Garut regency does not have contingency plans that can arrange it. The results also showed that the key actor of inter-agency coordination of health cluster during emergency response in flash flood Garut 2016 was Health Office of Garut regency. Therefore, Health Office of Garut Regency needs to make an MoU with NGOs to help the government as a liaison agency in the coordination network. Local governments, communities and private sector should also work together in making contingency plans for floods in Garut for future convenience.References
AlShamsi H. dan Pathirage C. 2015. “The Role of Effective Contingency Planning in Managing Extreme Disasters in UAE”. Artikel diakses tanggal 18 Januari 2018 dari https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9e64/781718be24c176127dce058279cdff08090d.pdf.
Azkha, Nizwardi. 2010. “Peranan Petugas Kesehatan dalam Penanggulangan Bencana”. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat September-Maret 2010, Vol. 4, No. 1.
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB). 2014. Indeks Risiko Bencana (IRBI) 2013. Bogor: Direktorat Pengurangan Risiko Bencana , Deputi Bidang Pencegahan dan Kesiapsiagaan.
Bisri, M, B, F. 2013. “Examining Inter-Organizational Network during Emergency Response of West Java Eartquake 2009, Indonesia”. Elsevier, Procedia Environmental Sciences 17 (2013) 889-898.
BNPB. 2016. Info Bencana: Informasi Kebencanaan Bulanan Teraktual. Pusdatinmas Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB).
BNPB. 2017. Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanggulangan Bencana. Dokumen diakses tanggal 18 Agustus 2017 dari https://bnpb.go.id/ppid/file/UU_24_2007.pdf.
Commission on Human Security. 2003. Human Security Now. New York: Commission on Human Security.
Communication Organization. 2010. “Pattern of Communication”. Artikel diakses tanggal 15 Januari 2018 dari https://www.communicationtheory.org/patterns-of-communication/
Dewan Pertahanan Nasional (Wantannas). 2010. Keamanan Nasional: Sebuah Konsep dan Sistem Keamanan Bagi Bangsa Indonesia. Jakarta: Dewan Pertahanan Nasional.
Dinas Kesehatan (Dinkes) Kabupaten Garut. 2016. Laporan Penanggulangan Krisis Kesehatan Akibat Banjir Bandang di Kabupaten Garut dan Tanah Longsor di Kabupaten Sumedang. Terbitan 24 September 2016.
Esterly, Martina. 2012. Analisis Koordinasi Antarorganisasi pada Fase Tanggap Darurat Erupsi Merapi 2010 dari Perspektif Jejaring Sosial. Tesis Mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Bencana, Fakultas Manajemen Peryahanan, Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia.
Gomez O. A. dan Gasper D. 2013. Human Security: A Thematic Guidance Note For Regional And National Human Development Report Terms. United Nation Development Program.
Haas, Marion. 2009. “Social Network Theory and Analysis: A Preliminary Exploration”. Working Paper by Center for Health Economics Research and Evaluation (CHERE), Faculty of Business, University of Technology, Sydney.
Hamilton, Cheryl. 2013. Communicating for Results: A Guideline for Business and Professions. Edisi kesembilan. Boston: Wadsworth.
Hidayat, D. dan Priliawito E. 2016. “Banjir Bandang di Garut Diyakini Terparah Sepanjang Sejarah”. Artikel diakses tanggal 12 Januari 2018 dari https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/824677-banjir-bandang-di-garut-diyakini-terparah-sepanjang-sejarah.
Imran, Mohammad. 2012. “Analisis Koordinasi Bidang Kesehatan pada Penanganan Tanggap Darurat Erupsi Gunung Merapi Tahun 2010 di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta”. Tesis Mahasiswa Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Indonesia.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCRCS). 2000. Improving Coordination. Disaster Preparedness Training Programme.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCRCS). 2018. “Contingency Plan”. Artikel diakses tanggal 18 Januari 2018 dari http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-management/preparing-for-disaster/disaster-preparedness-tools/contingency-planning-and-disaster-response-planning/.
Jablin, Frederic M. dan Putnam Linda L. 2001. “The New Handbook of Organizational Communication: Advance in Theory, Research and Methods”. California: Sage.
Kemenhan RI. 2015. Buku Putih Pertahanan Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia.
Kemenkes RI. 2005. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1653/MENKES/XII/2005 tentang Pedoman Penanganan Bencana Bidang Kesehatan.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI). 2002. Pedoman Koordinasi Penanggulangan Bencana di Lapangan. Pusat Penanggulangan Masalah Kesehatan Sekretariat Jenderal Departemen Kesehatan.
Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia (Kemenhan RI). 2014. Buku Doktrin Pertahanan Negara 2014. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia.
Koalisi Perempuan Indonesia (KPI). 2016. “Analisa Situasi dan Rekomendasi Banjir Bandang, Kabupaten Garut”. KPI untuk Keadilan dan Demokrasi dengan Dukungan Teknis dari OXFAM Indone sia.
Lassa, A. Jonathan. 2015. “Post Disaster Governance, Complexity and Network Teory (Evidence from Aceh, Indonesia after the Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004”. Version 1, PLoS Curr. 2015 July 1;7.
Lunenburg, Fred C. 2010. “Communication: The Process, Barriers, And Improving Effectiveness”. Schooling,Vol. 1, No. 1, 2010.
Lunenburg, Fred C. 2011. “Network Patterns and Analysis: Underused Sources to Improve Communication Effectiveness”. National Forum of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, Vo. 28, No. 4.
Mandel, Robert. 2002. “Security and Natural Disasters”. Journal of Conflict Studies, Vol. 22, No. 2.
McCann, H, Funfgeld, H, Brown, J dan Wylie. 2016. “Social Networks and Disaster Resilience: An Introduction”. Laporan untuk The Enhancing Networks for Resilience Project. Hamilton, Australia: Southern Grampians Glenelg Primary Care Partnership.
Medford-Davis, Laura N. and Kapur, G. Bobby. 2014. “Preparing for Effective Communications during Disasters: Lessons from A World Health Organization Quality Improvement Project”. International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2014, 7:15.
Mondal, Debabrata, Chowdhury Sarthak, Badu Debabrata. 2015. “Role of Non Governmental Organization in Disaster Management”. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences.
National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). 2011. A Guidebook for Successful Communication, Cooperation, and Coordination Strategies Between Transportation Agencies and Tribal Communities. Washington: National Academic of Sciences.
Novianti, Kurnia. 2013. “Peran NGO sebagai Bagian dari Civil Society dalam Mitigasi Banjir di Praha”. Global & Strategis, Th. 7, No. 2.
Nurdianti, Siti Rahma. 2014. “Analisis Faktor-Faktor Hambatan Komunikasi dalam Sosialisasi Program Keluarga Berencana pada Masyarakat Kebon Agung-Samarinda”. eJournal Ilmu Komunikasi, 2014, 2 (2); 145-159. ejournal.ilkom.fisip-unmul.ac.id.
Peraturan Kepala BNPB Nomor 3 tahun 2008 tentang Pedoman Pembentukan BPBD
Peraturan Pemerintah No. 21 tahun 2008 tentang Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana
Rigney Daniel. 2010. Matthew Effect. New York: Columbia University Press.
Riswan. 2017. “Banjir Garut Jadi Bencana Terbesar di Jabar Sepanjang 2016”. Artikel diakses tanggal 12 Januari 2018 dari https://www.google.co.id/
amp/s/daerah.sindonews.com/newsread/1142543/21/banjir-garut-jadi-bencana-terbesar-di-jabar-sepanjang-2016-1474943329.
Rudito, B. dan Famiola, M. 2011. Social Mapping (Metode Pemetaan Sosial): Teknik Memahami Suatu Masyarakat atau Komunitas. Bandung: Rekayasa Sains.
Sapta, Seven Audi. 2009. Kenali PMI. Yogyakarta: Palang Merah Indonesia.
Suri, Nur Khotimah. 2015. “Analisis Kinerja Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Kabupaten Karo dalam Upaya Penanggulangan Bencana Erupsi Gunung Sinabung di Kabupaten Karo”. Perspektif, Vol. 8, No. 1, Apil 2015.
United Nation Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). 2012. “Disasters are Greatest Threats for Our National Security”. Artikel diakses tanggal 18 Januari 2018 dari https://www.unisdr.org/archive/29378.
United Nations (UN). 2009. Human Security in Theory and Practice. New York: UN Human Security Unit.
United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC). 2013. Field Handbook. Edisi ke-6. Kantor Koordinasi dan Urusan Kemanusiaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa.
Widayatun dan Zainal Fatoni. 2013. “Permasalahan Kesehatan dalam Kondisi Bencana: Peran Petugas Kesehatan dan Partisipasi Masyarakat”. Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 Tahun 2013.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2017. Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management Fact Sheets. Artikel diakses tanggal 12 Januari 2018 dari http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/preparedness/factsheets/en/.
Zanini, Marco Tulio F. dan Migueles, Carmen P. 2013. “Trust as An Element of Informal Coordination and Its Relationship Wwth Organizational Performance”. Elsevier, EconomiA, ISSN: 1517-7580, Vol: 14, Issue: 2, Page: 77-88.