PERANG HIBRIDA: PERANG GENERASI KEEMPAT
Abstract
Konsep perang hibrida tidak sepenuhnya baru. Konsep ini terutama didasarkan pada kemampuan untuk menargetkan objek dan proses yang jauh melalui cara militer non-tradisional, terutama untuk fungsi negara dan militer. Sebagai pendekatan asimetris, perang hibrida berupaya mencapai konsekuensi skala besar dengan menggunakan cara-cara sederhana, seperti menghambat operasi militer musuh atau mencegah dukungan politik rakyat. Lingkungan operasional perang hibrida adalah serangkaian bidang konfrontasi yang terkait erat dengan militer, ekonomi, sosial, informasi, diplomatik, perdagangan, ilmiah dan teknis, dan sebagainya. Mengingat bahwa negara-subjek perang hibrida melakukannya dari tindakan terpusat di semua bidang konfrontasi yang tunduk pada satu tujuan, maka counteraction dari negara-obyek harus sama-sama terpusat di semua bidang. Perang hibrida memerlukan interaksi atau perpaduan antara instrumen kekuasaan dan alat subversi konvensional maupun non-konvensional. William Lind memprediksi popularitas Unconventional Warfare di masa depan dan peluncuran kampanye informasi anti-pemerintah besar-besaran. Dia juga menulis bahwa perbedaan antara "sipil" dan "militer" mungkin hilang, dan ini ternyata juga terjadi. Secara khusus akan terlihat bagaimana warga sipil dikooptasi untuk memenuhi peran militer secara de-facto selama Color Revolutions dan bagaimana militer menggunakan dukungan sipil selama Unconventional Warfare. Melalui cara ini, perang hibrida adalah lambang dari Perang Generasi Keempat. Pada hakikatnya, dukungan pertahanan negara, dalam kondisi ancaman dan perang hibrida, menuntut adanya sektor pertahanan dan keamanan nasional yang seimbang dan berspektrum penuh.
Kata kunci: irregular warfare, perang generasi keempat, perang hibrida, pertahanan, unconventional warfare
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