Ancaman Tradisional di Depan Wilayah Indonesia (Studi Kasus : Laut Tiongkok Selatan)
Abstract
Abstrak -- Saat ini Indonesia berada dalam posisi terjepit dalam konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan. Tidak terlibatnya Indonesia dalam konflik tersebut bukan berarti Indonesia lepas dari bahaya konflik kepentingan maupun perang yang dapat terjadi karena sengketa wilayah tersebut. Tiongkok sebagai salah satu negara terkuat di dunia menjadi semakin agresif seiring dengan meningkatnya kapabilitas militernya. Kondisi ini semakin diperburuk dengan klaim Tiongkok atas Laut Tiongkok Selatan yang mencakup wilayah Malaysia, Brunei, Vietnam, dan juga Filipina atas dasar historis. Selain pihak-pihak yang bertikai, Amerika Serikat juga tampak berupaya melakukan intervensi terhadap konflik-konflik yang dihadapi oleh Tiongkok. Seperti pada kasus sengketa Kepulauan Senkaku dengan Jepang, Amerika ikut melakukan intervensi dengan cara membantu Jepang dalam kerja sama militernya untuk menghadapi Tiongkok. Begitu juga dalam kasus Laut Tiongkok Selatan ini, Amerika menggunakan alasan kebebasan bernavigasi untuk mencegah klaim Tiongkok menjadi kenyataan di salah satu jalur pelayaran terpadat di Asia. Ini yang dimaksudkan dengan posisi terjepit Indonesia. Berada persis di batas garis konflik bukan berarti keamanan Indonesia terjamin. Dengan adanya dua kekuatan adidaya dunia yakni Amerika Serikat dengan Tiongkok serta beberapa negara anggota ASEAN yang berkonflik Indonesia mengalami suatu dilema di mana banyaknya kepentingan politik, ekonomi hingga kepentingan pertahanan Indonesia dapat terganggu dengan adanya konflik ini. Baik dari kondisi realita hingga skenario peperangan yang dapat muncul karena Code of Conduct sampai saat ini tidak terselesaikan, posisi pertahanan Indonesai saat ini sedang tidak dalam posisi yang menguntungkan.
Kata kunci: Sengketa, pertahanan, skenario perang, asean, tiongkok, amerika serikat, politik, militer.
Abstract -- Indonesia is currently in a pinned position in the South China Sea conflict. The absence of Indonesia's involvement in the conflict does not mean that Indonesia is free from any danger of conflict of interest or war that may occur due to the dispute of the territory. China as one of the strongest countries in the world becomes more aggressive as its military capability increases. This condition is further exacerbated by China's claim to the South China Sea covering Malaysia, Brunei, Vietnam and the Philippines on a historical basis. In addition to the conflicting parties, the United States also appears to be seeking to intervene in the conflicts faced by China. As in the case of the Senkaku Islands dispute with Japan, the Americans participated in intervening by helping Japan in its military cooperation to confront China. Likewise in the case of the South China Sea, Americans use the reason for the freedom of navigation to prevent Chinese claims from becoming reality in one of Asia's most populous shipping lanes. This is what is meant by Indonesia's pinched position. Being right on the boundary of the conflict does not mean that Indonesia's security is guaranteed. With the two world superpowers namely the United States with China and several ASEAN member states in conflict Indonesia experienced a dilemma in which many political interests, economic up to the interests of Indonesian defense can be disrupted by this conflict. Both from the condition of reality to the scenario of war that can arise because the Code of Conduct to date has not been resolved, Indonesia's defense position is currently not in a favorable position.
Keywords: Disputes, defense, war scenarios, asean, china, united states, politics, military.
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Koran
Tahun Perang Dunia Pertama, Kompas 10 Agustus 2014.