Ancaman Tradisional di Depan Wilayah Indonesia (Studi Kasus : Laut Tiongkok Selatan)

Authors

  • Ida Bagus Aditya Wicaksana Fakultas Manajemen Pertahanan Universitas Pertahanan

Abstract

Abstrak -- Saat ini Indonesia berada dalam posisi terjepit dalam konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan. Tidak terlibatnya Indonesia dalam konflik tersebut bukan berarti Indonesia lepas dari bahaya konflik kepentingan maupun perang yang dapat terjadi karena sengketa wilayah tersebut. Tiongkok sebagai salah satu negara terkuat di dunia menjadi semakin agresif seiring dengan meningkatnya kapabilitas militernya. Kondisi ini semakin diperburuk dengan klaim Tiongkok atas Laut Tiongkok Selatan yang mencakup wilayah Malaysia, Brunei, Vietnam, dan juga Filipina atas dasar historis. Selain pihak-pihak yang bertikai, Amerika Serikat juga tampak berupaya melakukan intervensi terhadap konflik-konflik yang dihadapi oleh Tiongkok. Seperti pada kasus sengketa Kepulauan Senkaku dengan Jepang, Amerika ikut melakukan intervensi dengan cara membantu Jepang dalam kerja sama militernya untuk menghadapi Tiongkok. Begitu juga dalam kasus Laut Tiongkok Selatan ini, Amerika menggunakan alasan kebebasan bernavigasi untuk mencegah klaim Tiongkok menjadi kenyataan di salah satu jalur pelayaran terpadat di Asia. Ini yang dimaksudkan dengan posisi terjepit Indonesia. Berada persis di batas garis konflik bukan berarti keamanan Indonesia terjamin. Dengan adanya dua kekuatan adidaya dunia yakni Amerika Serikat dengan Tiongkok serta beberapa negara anggota ASEAN yang berkonflik Indonesia mengalami suatu dilema di mana banyaknya kepentingan politik, ekonomi hingga kepentingan pertahanan Indonesia dapat terganggu dengan adanya konflik ini. Baik dari kondisi realita hingga skenario peperangan yang dapat muncul karena Code of Conduct sampai saat ini tidak terselesaikan, posisi pertahanan Indonesai saat ini sedang tidak dalam posisi yang menguntungkan.

Kata kunci: Sengketa, pertahanan, skenario perang, asean, tiongkok, amerika serikat, politik, militer.

 

Abstract -- Indonesia is currently in a pinned position in the South China Sea conflict. The absence of Indonesia's involvement in the conflict does not mean that Indonesia is free from any danger of conflict of interest or war that may occur due to the dispute of the territory. China as one of the strongest countries in the world becomes more aggressive as its military capability increases. This condition is further exacerbated by China's claim to the South China Sea covering Malaysia, Brunei, Vietnam and the Philippines on a historical basis. In addition to the conflicting parties, the United States also appears to be seeking to intervene in the conflicts faced by China. As in the case of the Senkaku Islands dispute with Japan, the Americans participated in intervening by helping Japan in its military cooperation to confront China. Likewise in the case of the South China Sea, Americans use the reason for the freedom of navigation to prevent Chinese claims from becoming reality in one of Asia's most populous shipping lanes. This is what is meant by Indonesia's pinched position. Being right on the boundary of the conflict does not mean that Indonesia's security is guaranteed. With the two world superpowers namely the United States with China and several ASEAN member states in conflict Indonesia experienced a dilemma in which many political interests, economic up to the interests of Indonesian defense can be disrupted by this conflict. Both from the condition of reality to the scenario of war that can arise because the Code of Conduct to date has not been resolved, Indonesia's defense position is currently not in a favorable position.

Keywords: Disputes, defense, war scenarios, asean, china, united states, politics, military.

Author Biography

Ida Bagus Aditya Wicaksana, Fakultas Manajemen Pertahanan Universitas Pertahanan

Fakultas Manajemen Pertahanan Universitas Pertahanan

References

Daftar Pustaka

Buku dan Jurnal

Clausewitz, Carl Von. 1987. On War, Ed by Michael Howard and Peter Paret.

Princeton University Press.

Information Office of the State Council of The People’s Republic of China. 2006.

Beijing. National Defense Paper 2006.

Ojong, P.K. 2005. Perang Eropa Jilid I, Kompas Gramedia. Jakarta.

Sorensen , Robert Jackson &. 1999. Introduction to International Relations.

Oxford Univesity Press, Inc.

Thayer, Carlyle A.. Indonesia’s Efforts to Forge ASEAN Unity on Code of Conduct. Center for Strategic International Studies. 2013.

The Military Balance 2011, chapter six : Asia. 2011.

Vasquez, John and Henehan, Marie T. 2011. Territory, War, and Peace. Oxon: Routledge.

Viotti, Paul R. And Kauppi, Mark V. 1999. International Relations Theory :

Realism, Pluralism, Globalism, and Beyond. MA : Allyn & Bacon.

Website

Beina Xu. (2014, May). South China Sea Tension. Council on Foreign Relations. Available : http://www.cfr.org/china/south-china-sea-tensions/p29790.

Alexander R. Vulving, Vietnam, US, and Japan in South China Sea, The Diplomat, http://thediplomat.com/2014/11/vietnam-the-us-and-japan-in-the-south-china-sea/, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

US to Partially Lift Vietnam Arms Embargo, BBC News Us& Canada, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-29469719, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

Carl Thayer, Vietnam Mulling New Strategy to Deter China, The Diplomat, http://thediplomat.com/2014/05/vietnam-mulling-new-strategies-to-deter-china, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

The Obama Administration Pivot to Asia, The Foreign Policy Initiative, http://www.foreignpolicyi.org/content/obama-administrations-pivot-asia, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

Adelle Neary, Jokowi Spells Out Vision for Indonesia’s “Global Maritime Nexus”, CSIS, http://csis.org/publication/jokowi-spells-out-vision-indonesias-global-maritime-nexus¸ diakses 29 Desember 2014.

Jim Wolf, US Moves to Arms Indonesia’s Growing F-16 Fighter Fleet, Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/25/usa-indonesia-arms-idUSL2E8JOGMO20120825, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

Masykur A. Baddal, Masuknya Wilayah Natuna Dalam Paspor Baru China, Proyek China Raya Semakin Dekat?, Kompasiana, http://hankam.kompasiana.com/2014/10/16/masuknya-wilayah-natuna-dalam-paspor-terbaru-china-proyek-china-raya-semakin-dekat-680832.html, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

Evy R. Syamsir, China Klaim Wilayah Natuna, Antara News, http://www.antaranews.com/berita/423685/china-klaim-wilayah-natuna, diakses 28 Desember 2014.

Lanud Hasanuddin, Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Udara, http://tni-au.mil.id/content/lanud-hasanuddin-0, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

TNI AU Lanud Supadio, Skadron Udara 1, http://lanud-supadio.mil.id/divisi/skadron-udara-1/, diakses 28 Desember 2014.

F.B. Anggoro, Skadron Udara Baru F-16 Blok 25 di Pekanbaru Operasional Juni, Antara News, http://www.antaranews.com/berita/421130/skadron-udara-baru-f-16-blok-25-di-pekanbaru-operasional-juni, diakses 28 Desember 2014.

Koarmabar TNI AL, http://koarmabar.tnial.mil.id/, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

Patroli Armatim Terkendala Pasokan BBM, Sinar Harapan.CO, http://sinarharapan.co/news/read/141217002/patroli-armatim-terkendala-pasokan-bbm, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

The Diplomat, China’s Real Blue Water Navy, http://thediplomat.com/2011/08/30/chinas-not-so-scary-navy/comment-page-2/?all=true, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

CNN, China Lands First Jet on Aircraft Carrier, http://edition.cnn.com/2011/11/25/world/asia/china-aircraft-carrier-landing/, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

Dan Parsons, South China Sea Dispute Shaping Up as Coast Guard Showdown, National Defense Magazine, http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2014/June/Pages/SouthChinaSeaDisputeShapingUpasCoastGuardShowdown.aspx, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

Pencegatan Pesawat Pernah Terjadi di Makassar dan Bawean, Tempo Politik, http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2012/01/08/078375941/Pencegatan-Pesawat-Pernah-Terjadi-di-Makassar-dan-Bawean, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

Chronological List of Ratifications, Accessions and Successions to the Convention and the Related Agreement as at 3 October 2014, Oceans and Law of The Sea United Nations, http://www.un.org/depts/los/reference_files/chronological_lists_of_ratifications.htm, diakses 29 Desember 2014.

Koran

Tahun Perang Dunia Pertama, Kompas 10 Agustus 2014.

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2017-12-20