STRATEGIC CONTEXT INDONESIA DALAM MENGANTISPASI ANCAMAN SENJATA BIOLOGIS ANTRAKS

Authors

  • Merista Wikandari FMP Unhan
  • Nugraha Gumilar Unhan
  • Tamsil Tamsil Unhan

Abstract

Abstrak - Senjata biologis antraks akan menjadi tren ancaman oleh kelompok radikal di masa mendatang.  Pemerintah perlu membuat formulasi kebijakan strategis tentang sistem cegah tangkal serangan senjata biologis tersebut secara terintegrasi, matang, dan implementatif (strategic context). Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis kesiapan pemerintah Indonesia dan  menyusun strategic context dalam sistem cegah tangkal serangan senjata biologis antraks. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis indikator kesiapan institusi, fishbone diagram, risk matrix grid, dan PESTEL+M.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari tujuh instansi terkait dengan penanganan antraks baru dua instansi yang memiliki prosedur tetap penanggulangan bencana dan pasca bencana antraks di lapangan, yaitu Kemenkes dan Dinas Peternakan dan Perikanan, Kabupaten Bogor. Secara umum, prioritas penanganan ancaman senjata biologis antraks oleh pemerintah masih relatif rendah-medium.  Berdasarkan analisis fishbone diagram akar masalah ancaman senjata biologis antraks adalah (1) kondisi geografis dan lingkungan sosial, (2) penyalahgunaan agen biologis antraks di lingkungan laboratorium, (3) berkembangnya kelompok teroris dan kelompok tindak kriminal, dan (4) belum adanya aturan jelas tentang SOP pencegahan serangan senjata biologis.  Hasil pemetaan risiko serangan bioterorisme antraks menunjukkan bahwa peluang terbesar serangan adalah melalui skenario penyisipan spora antraks dari luar negeri, yang peluang terjadinya sedang hingga tinggi dan dampaknya juga sedang hingga tinggi.  Analisis diagram prediksi ancaman senjata biologis antraks termasuk dalam klasifikasi foresight atau ancaman nyata dapat terjadi dalam kurun waktu  5-10 tahun mendatang.  Progam implemnetasi strategi lintas institusi dan terintegrasi telah disusun dalam penelitian ini.

Kata Kunci: senjata-biologis antraks, risk matrix grid, strategic context

Abstract - Anthrax biological weapon will be a new global trend of threats by radical groups in the future.  Indonesian government should formulate strategic policy to encounter the biological weapon with strategic context. The objective of research was to analyses the government preparedness and to formulate strategic context policy in combating anthrax as biological weapon. Research method was conducted by analysis of the indicators of institution preparedness, fishbone diagram, risk matrix grid, and PESTEL+M.  Research results showed that of seven institutions concerning with anthrax handling, only two institutions that having SOP for coping anthrax outbreak i.e. Ministry of Health and the Agency of Animal Husbandry and Fishery of Bogor. In general, these institutions relatively have low-medium priority attention in coping anthrax as biological weapon. According to analysis of fishbone diagram the root problems was caused by (1) the geographical condition and social environment, (2) the misusing of anthrax bacteria isolate in microbiological laboratory, (3) the spread emerging of terrorist and criminal group and (4) the lack of tight regulation and SOP for prevention threat of biological weapon.  Bioterrorism mapping showed that the greatest opportunity of attacking was through anthrax spores insertion from foreign countries which occurring chance is moderate to high and its impact will be moderate to high.  The attacking prediction was classified as “foresight” or the threat will be realized for the next 5-10 year.  Implementation of strategic context in the form of integrated activities inter institution had been proposed in this research.

Keywords: Anthrax biological weapon, risk matrix grid, strategic context

References

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Rahayu, A. (2012). Anthrax di Indonesia. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya. http://elib.fk.uwks.ac.id/asset/archieve/jurnal/Vol%20Edisi%20Khusus%20Desember%202009/ANTHRAX%20DI%20INDONESIA.pdf. [Tanggal akses: 26 Juli 2016].

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Published

2017-07-21