PERANG DAN MANAJEMEN PERTAHANAN MASYARAKAT MEKKAH PADA AWAL PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM

Authors

  • Arifuddin Uksan Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract - Since the beginning, Islam has paid special attention to the matter of war. Even the Prophet Muhammad SAW, once asked that boys be taught to swim, archery and riding. Most of the activities of the Prophet who stood out in Medina were related to matters of government and the military, both leading the war and arranging military operations, including appointing commanders. For 10 years in Medina as head of state, the Prophet Muhammad led 27 times of fighting and formed special forces to carry out various military operations. Various war stories like the legend of David and Goliath are also told clearly in the Qur'an. In fact, there is one letter in the Qur'an that tells the story of "heroism" which is horses that run fast in the war. Al-Qur'an as a Kitabullah which is multidimensional has discussed this issue completely from all aspects. is one thing that must be acknowledged that no matter how bitter a war is, war throughout human life will always be a change of style and variety. The purpose of this study is to analyze the close relationship between the meaning of state defense in the concept of state defense and Islam in various aspects. The method used in writing is a qualitative method that collects data through literature studies in the form of books relating to discussion, authoritative articles written by experts.

Keywords: Islam, Military and war

References

Abdullah,Yatimin, Studi Akhlak dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an, Jakarta: Amzah, 2007.

Ad-Duraiwisy, Ahmad bin Yusuf, Al-Istiqamah,Arkanuha wal-Wasailu al-Mu’ayinatu wa Tathbiquha, Terjemah Abu Umar Basyir, Jakarta: Darul Falaq, 2001.

Alavi, Zianuddin, Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam pada Abad Klasik dan Pertengahan, Bandung: Angkasa, Cetakan pertama, 2003.

Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad Ibn Muhammad, Ihya al-Ulumuddin, Kairo: Daar al-Takwa, 2000.

Al-Ghazali, Bidayah al-Hidayah (Terj.) Yogyakarta: Pustaka Sufi, 2003.

Al-Ghazali, Mengobati Penyakit Hati Membentuk Akhlak Mulia, Bandung: Kharisma,Cetakan pertama,1994.

Boisard, Marcel A, L’Humanisme De L’Islam, Paris: Editions Albin Michel,1979.

Effendi, Bahtiar, Islam dan Negara: Transformasi Gagasan dan Praktik Politik Islam di Indonesia, Jakarta: Paramadina, Cetakan kedua, 2009.

Fiet, Edward, Pen, Sword and People: Military Regimes in the Formation of Political Institutions., World Politics , 1973.

Halim, Abdul, Al-qur’an Membangaun Keshalehan Hakiki, Jakarta: Ciputat Press, 2002.

Haq, Hamka, Islam Rahmah untuk Bangsa, Jakarta: Wahana Semesta intermedia, 2009.

Hunter, James Davison, The Death Of Character: Moral Education In An Age Without Good Or Evil, New York: Basic Book, 2000.

Jafri, Husain Muhammad, Moral politik Islam: Dalam Perspektif Ali bin Abi Thalib, Jakarta: Pustaka Intermasa, Cetakan pertama, 2003.

Jakarta: Grasindo, 2011.

Kailani, Komar, Fi Al-Tasawwuf Al-Islam, Beirut: Dar Al-Ma’arif, 1976.

Michael Hart, “The 100: A Rangking of the Most Influential Persons in History”, terjemahan, pustaka jaya, 1992.

Bretly Hiler, “Orang-orang Timur dan Keyakinan-Keyakinan Mereka”

Murtadha Muthahhari, Falsafah Pergerakan Islam, Bandung: Mizan,1933

Michael Woward, Clusewitz Guru Strategi Perang Modern, Jakarta: Grafiti, 1991

Imam Yahya, Tradisi Militer dalam Islam, Jogjakarta: Lagung Pustaka,Tt

Muhammad Jamaluddin Mahfud, Al-Askariyah Al-Islamiyah Wa Nahdatunah Al-Hadariyah, Mesir : Tt.

Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia, Al-Qur’an dan terjemahannya, CV. Gemah Risalah Press Bandung, 1993.

Prabowo, Suryo, Perang Gerilya, Mao, Nasution, Che, Carlos, dan Crabtree, Jakarta: Karya, 2010.

Pramono,S.B.,dan Dessy Harahab, Pemimpin yang dirindukan:Refleksi Karakteristik Kerakyatan, Yogyakarta: Grafindo Litera Media, Cetakan pertama, 2013.

Pranowo, Bambang, Islam Faktual: Antara Tradisi dan Relasi Kuasa, Yogyakarta: Adicita Karya Nusa, 1998.

Prayitno, Ujianto Singgih, Perubahan Sosial: Dinamika Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat, Jakarta: Publica Press, Cetakan pertama, 2014.

Ramadan, Tariq, Menjadi Modern Bersama Islam: Islam, Barat dan tantangan Modernitas, Jakarta: Teraju, Cetakan pertama, 2003.

Ratna, Qori, Tokoh-Tokoh Dunia yang Mempunyai Karakter Mengagumkan, Klaten: Cable Book, Cetakan pertama, 2014.

Rukmana, Nana, Etika Kepemimpinan: Perspektif Agama dan Moral, Bandung: Alfabeta, Cetakan pertama, 2007.

Safari, Mohammad, Perang Iraq – AS: Hegemoni Baru As di Timur Tengah dan Dampak Globalnya, Jakarta: Comes, 2003.

Sayyid Sabiq, Fiqih Sunnah, Juz 3, Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, 1983.

Wahbah Zuhaili, Atsar Al-Harb Fi Alfiqh Al-Islam Dirasah Muqaranah, Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr,tt.

Taufiq Ali Wahbah, Al-Jihad Fi Al-Islam, Riyad: Dar Al-Liwa, 1981.

www.saefudin.info sejarah islam. Diakses tanggal 22 mei 2015.

Lester R. Brown, dkk, Masa Depan Bumi, Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta : 1995.

Faizal Riza Rahmat, Mengapa TNI harus ‘Comeback’, Yayasan Fosad, Jakarta:2003.

Nasution, Debby. Kedudukan Militer Dalam Islam dan Peranannya Pada Masa Rasulullah SAW.Yayasan Amanah Daulatul Islam, Jakarta, 2001.

Lothrop Stoddard, The New Word of Islam, 1966, Terjemahan .

Philip Khuri Hitti, The Arabs A Short History, 1960, Terjemahan .

As-Siya Satusy-Syar’iyyah oleh Syaikhul-Islam Ibnu Taymiyyah

http://8tunas.wordpress.com/2014/09/22/dakwah-rasulullah-periode-makkah/ diakses tanggal 5 April 2015

https://id.facebook.com/.../sejarah-perjuangan-nabi-muhammad-saw -di-makkah/ diakses tanggal 5 April 2015.

Downloads

Published

2019-06-13