MOTIVASI LATIHAN SEBAGAI PERAMAL KEPADA PEMINDAHAN LATIHAN DALAM PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN KEPIMPINAN KOR INFANTRI TENTERA DARAT MALAYSIA
Abstract
Tujuan kajian ini dilaksanakan adalah untuk mengukur pengaruh motivasi latihan dalam perhubungan di antara program pembangunan kepimpinan dan pemindahan latihan. Sebanyak 412 borang soal selidik yang lengkap diisi oleh responden yang berkhidmat dalam Kor Infantri Tentera Darat Malaysia telah dianalisis menggunakan pakej perisian SmartPLS 3.2.5. Dapatan analisis pengesahan faktor menunjukan bahawa skala pengukuran kajian ini telah mencapai tahap piawaian analisis kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan. Selanjutnya, keputusan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan model laluan SmartPLS mengetengahkan dua penemuan penting: pertama, perhubungan di antara kandungan kursus dengan motivasi latihan mempunyai perkaitan yang positif dan signifikan dengan pemindahan latihan. Kedua, perhubungan di antara kaedah latihan dengan motivasi latihan mempunyai perkaitan yang positif dan signifikan dengan pemindahan latihan. Berdasarkan perspektif statistik, dapatan kajian ini mengesahkan bahawa motivasi latihan bertindak sebagai pemboleh ubah mencelah di antara program pembangunan kepimpinan dengan pemindahan latihan dalam organisasi kajian. Justeru itu, perbincangan, implikasi kajian dan kesimpulan turut diberikan perhatian dalam kajian iniReferences
Azman, I.& Inani, N.I. 2010. Motivasi latihan sebagai pembolehubah penghubung antara program latihan dan keberkesanan latihan. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 16, 83-98.
Azman, I., Fazilatulaili, A., Afiqah, S.N.F. & Hua, N.K. 2011. Supervisor’s role in training programs and its relationship with training transfer. Prosiding International Management Conference (IMaC2011), 16 – 17 April 2011,Taman Tamadun Islam, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu.
Azman, M.Z. 2012. Factors affecting the effectiveness of training transfer in the parachute infantry battalion. Master Project Report (Unpublished). University of Malaya.
Azman, I., Noor Azmi, M.Z. & Nursaadatun Nisak, A. 2016. Program pembangunan Kepimpinan Meningkatkan Pemindahan Latihan dalam Tentera Darat Malaysia: Kajian Empirikal. Jurnal Pengurusan, 46: 149-161.
Balkisnah, S. & Norhasni, Z.A. 2009. Tinjauan faktor-faktor pendorong dan penghalang pemindahan latihan. Sosiohumanika, 2 (1), 107 –
Barclay, D. Higgins, C. & Thompson, R. 1995. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach to causal modeling: Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technology Study, 2 (2), 285-309.
Baron, R.M., and Kenny, D.A. 1986. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51 (6), 1173-1182.
Beebe, S.A., Mottet, T.P. & Roach, K.D. 2004. Training and development: Enhancing communication and leadership Skills. Boston. Pearson Education Inc.
Beheshtifar, M. & Panah, Z.V. 2012. Leadership development activities. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 2(7), 387-393.
Black, A.M. & Earnest, G.W. 2009. Measuring the outcomes of leadership development programs. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 16(2), 184 –196.
Blanchard, P.N., & Thacker, J.W. 2003. Effective training: System, strategies and practices. Second Edition, Pearson Education International.
Blume, B.D., Ford, J.K., Baldwin, T.T. & Huang, J.L. 2010. Transfer of training: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36(4): 1065-1105.
Burke, A.L. & Hutchins, M.H. (2007). Training transfer: An integrative literature review. Human Resource Development Review. 6(3): 263-296.
Chiaburu, D.S., & Takleab, A.G. 2005. Individual and contextual influences on multiple dimension of training effectiveness. Journal of European Industrial Training, 29(8), 604-626.
Chin, W.W. 1998. The Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modelling, in Hoyle, R.H. (eds.) Statistical strategies for small sample research, Sage Publication, Inc., Thousand Oaks – California, 307-341.
Chua, Y.P. 2006. Kaedah Penyelidikan.Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill.
Creswell, J.W. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conduct, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (Fourth Edition). Boston: Pearson.
Day, D.V. & Harrison, M. M. 2006. Leadership development. Encyclopedia Career Development. Sage Publication, Inc., Thousand Oaks – California, 457 – 461.
Elangovan, A.K. & Karakowsky, L. 1999. The role of trainee and environmental factors in transfer of training:an exploratory framework. Leadership and Organisational Development Journal. 20(5): 234 – 255.
Eramus, W.D. & Uys, F. 2012. Military leadership development: A model for the SA National Defence Force. Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies. 40(1), 95-116.
Fornell, C. & Larcker, D.F. 1981. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, XVIII, 39-50.
Gefen, D. & Straub, D. 2005. A practical guide to factorial validity using PLS- Graph: Tutorial and annotated example. Communication of the Association for Information Systems, 16, 91–109.
Goldstein, I.L. & Ford, J.K. 2002. Training in organizations. Wadsworth: Thompson Learning.
Hatfield, J., Steele, J.P., Riley, R., Glaze,H.K. & Fallesen, J. J. 2011. 2010 Center for Army Leadership Annual Survey of Army Leadership (CASAL): Army Education. Technical Report 2011-2. The Center For Army Leadership, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M. & Sinkovics,R.R. 2009. The use of the partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. New Challenges to International Marketing Advances in International Marketing, 20, 277-319.
Henseler, J. 2010. On the convergence of the partial least squares path modeling algorithm.Springerlink.com
Jabatan Arah Infantri. 2009. Laporan Validasi Luaran. Kuala Lumpur. Kementerian Pertahanan.
Kang, D. 2007. Perceived organizational justice as a predictor of employees’ motivation to participate in training. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 15(1), 89 – 107.
Knowles, M. 1984. Andragogy in action. San Francisco: Jessey-Bass Publishers.
LDP Handbook. 2009. Headquarters, Department of Army, Washington DC.
Lyne de Ver, H. & Kennedy, F. 2011. An analysis of leadership development programs working in the context of development. Developmental Leadership Program, Australian Government.
Maimunah, A. 2008. Human Resource Management: Principles and Practices. Oxford University Press.
Manual TD: MP 1.1.9A TD. 2005. Batalion Infantri Standard. Markas Pemerintahan Latihan Tentera Darat.
Metz, S. 2011. Junior leader professional development: Who has the time? www.strateggicstudiesinstitute.co m.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubid
Mullen, T. R., Kroustalis, C., Meade, A. W., & Surface, E. A. 2006. Assessing Change in Perceived Organizational Support Due to Training. The 21st Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Dallas, TX.
Noor Azmi, M.Z., Daud, M. S. & Wan Mukhtar, W. M. 2013. Pengaruh Program Latihan terhadap Prestasi Kerja Menurut Perspektif Islam dan Empirikal. International Convention on Islamic Management (ICIMA 2013), 27 - 28 November 2013,
Universiti Malaya.
Noor Azmi, M. Z., Zahimi, Z. A., Ahmad Azan, R. & Daud, M. S. (2017).
Training in Military: An Islamic Perspective. International Conference on Multidisciplinary Academic Disciplines in University 2017 (IC-MADU 2017), 6-7 Oktober
, EDC Hotel, Sintok, Kedah.
Noor Azmi, M. Z., Zahimi, Z. A., Daud, M.S. & Ahmad Azan, R. (2019). Rekabentuk latihan dan Pemindahan Latihan Menurut Perspektif Islam. Dalam M.N. Khairunneezam, O.H.L.
Jessica, S. Farhana & M. Khairunnisa. (Peny.). Kepimpinan Era Moden (pp. 168- 182). Nilai: Penerbit USIM & UPNM. ISBN 978-967-440-623-3.
Noe R.A. 1986. Trainee attributes and attitudes: Neglected influences on training effectiveness. Academy of Management Review, 11, 736–749.
Noe, R.A. 2014. Employee Training and Development. Illinois: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Paul T.B., Jarle E., Bjorn H.J., Jon C.L., & Scott A.S. 2009. Big five personality factors, hardiness, and social judgment as predictors of leader performance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(6): 498-521.
Pont, T. 1990. Developing effective training skills. McGraw-Hill, Berkshire, England.
Rahimi, R. 2007. Training environment and training effectiveness: A study of the Malaysian Army at 6th Royal Malay Regiment. Laporan Projek Tahun Akhir (Tidak Diterbitkan). Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Sekaran, U. & Bougie, R. 2016. Research methods for business: A skill-building approach, (Seventh Edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Vroom, V.H. 1964. Work and motivation.
New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Vroom, V.H. 1973. A new look at managerial decision-making. Organizational Dynamics, 1(4), 66-80.
