PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KORAN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN BAKU NITROSELULOSA UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KEMANDIRIAN INDUSTRI PROPELAN DI INDONESIA

Authors

  • Putry Dessy Primia Khusnul Khotimah Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia
  • Timbul Siahaan Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia
  • Mirad Fahri Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33172/tsj.v1i1.473

Abstract

Bagian terpenting dari munisi adalah bahan pendorong (propelan). Jenis propelan untuk pengisi munisi yaitu Double Base Propellant (DBP). Bahan pembentuk DBP ialah Nitroselulosa (NC) dan Nitrogliserin (NG). NG yang sensitif terhadap benturan tidak dapat berfungsi optimal sebagai bahan baku DB jika tidak dikombinasi dengan NC, sedangkan NC yang tersedia belum memenuhi kadar kriteria kebutuhan militer. Untuk mendapatkan NC dibutuhkan bahan dasar yakni Selulosa, dan di Indonesia bahan baku selulosa melimpah. Kertas Koran yang berasal dari kayu mengandung selulosa, sehingga untuk meningkatkan nilai fungsi limbah koran diolah bahan baku NC yang sesuai kriteria kebutuhan militer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen laboratorium dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar ?-selulosa dan cara peningkatan kandungan nitrogen pada limbah koran sebagai alternatif bahan baku nitroselulosa. Bahan yang digunakan untuk isolasi dan pemurniaan ?-selulosa adalah reagen Schweitzer, proses bleaching (H2O2 dan NaOCl) dan alkalisasi berulang (NaOH), sedangkan untuk pembuatan NC melalui proses nitrasi dengan bahan HNO3/H2SO4 dan HNO3/Ac2O. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai kadar ?-selulosa dari hasil penelitian 91.72% - 93.53%, serta kadar nitrogen dalam NC melalui proses nitrasi berbahan HNO3/H2SO4 dan HNO3/Ac2O ialah berturut-turut 12.6% dan 12.9%, sehingga peningkatan kadar nitrogen dapat diperoleh melalui nitrasi dengan menggunakan Ac2O (acetic anhydride), dilakukan uji unjuk kerja NC dengan hasil larut dalam aceton, menghasilkan percikan api ketika uji nyala, terjadi perubahan pada kertas indikator pada uji penguapan, dan pada pengujian FTIR terdapat gugus –NO2. Oleh karena itu dapat disarankan NC berasal dari limbah koran sebagai alternatif bahan baku pembuatan propelan.

Kata Kunci : propelan, nitroselulosa, ?-selulosa, limbah koran

References

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Published

2020-04-14

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2019): Jurnal Teknologi Persenjataan

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Articles

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