Pencegahan Perilaku Agresif : Pengaruh Pendidikan Perdamaian dan Literasi Media Terhadap Pemahaman Siswa Tentang Agresivitas
Abstract
Abstrak – Di Kota Bogor selama lima tahun terakhir, ditemukan banyaknya tindak kekerasan dan kasus yang berkaitan dengan perilaku agresif di kalangan pelajar. Perilaku-perilaku tersebut menimbulkan banyak kerugian bagi orang lain, bahkan kematian, serta mengarahkan kepada lingkaran kekerasan yang tidak pernah usai. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan pendidikan perdamaian dan literasi media untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa tentang agresivitas, sebagai upaya untuk mencegah perilaku agresif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen kuasi menggunakan satu kelompok. Sebanyak 38 siswa rentan terhadap perilaku agresif dari tiga SMK terlibat untuk menerima 10 sesi kegiatan belajar tentang perdamaian dan literasi media. Kuesioner agresivitas digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi partisipan yang didukung oleh data siswa di sekolah. Untuk mengumpulkan data, kuesioner tentang pemahaman agresivitas dikembangkan dan diuji validitas serta reliabilitasnya. Post test dilakukan setelah semua sesi berakhir. Data dianalisa menggunakan t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata skor pemahaman siswa tentang agresivitas meningkat, oleh karena itu sesi belajar dari pendidikan perdamaian dan literasi media memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pemahaman agresivitas siswa. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan perbedaan pemahaman agresivitas antara siswwa lelaki dan perempuan, dimana siswa perempuan memiliki pemahaman agresivitas yang lebih baik.
Kata Kunci: agresivitas, pemahaman agresivitas, pencegahan perilaku agresif, pendidikan perdamaian, literasi media
Abstract -- For the last 5 years, there is never ending violent act and increased cases regarding aggressive behavior among high school students in Bogor, Indonesia. Those cases caused harm to many people, even death, and lead to the continuation circle of violence. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of using peace education and media literacy in enhancing student’s understanding about aggression, as an effort to prevent aggressive behavior. In terms of methodology, this research was done by quasi experiment with one group pretest and post-test design. A number of 38 students who were at risk of aggressive behavior from 3 vocational high school were involved to receive 10 session of learning activity about peace and media literacy. The Aggression Questionnaire was used to identify participants, supported with student’s record in school. To collect data, the questionnaire for measuring understanding about aggression has been developed and was used after the validity and reliability of this questionnaire tested. Post test was carried out after the session ended. Data were analyzed using t test. The finding result showed that the mean score of student’s understanding about aggression was increased, therefore learning session of peace education and media literacy is significantly effective to enhance student’s understanding about aggression. It also showed meaningful difference of understanding between male and female student’s whereas female student have a better understanding about aggression.
Key Words: aggression, aggressive behavior prevention, media literacy, peace education, understanding about aggression
References
Daftar Pustaka
Buku
Anderson, Lorin dan Krathwohl, David (eds). 2001. A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing : A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York : Pearson Education.
Bajaj, Monisha. 2008. Critical Peace Education. Encyclopedia of Peace Education. (p.135-146).
Baran, Stanley. 2014. Introduction to Mass Communication: Media Literacy and Culture. New York : Mc Graw Hill.
Carter, C. Candice. 2010. Conflict Resolution and Peace Education. New York : Palgrave.
Castro, L Navaro dan Galace, J Nario. 2010. Peace Education; A Pathway To a Culture of Peace. Miriam College : Filipina.
Baron, Robert and Nyla Branscombe. 2012. Social Psychology. New Jersey : Pearson.
Berkowitz, Leonard. 1965. Advance in Experimental Social Psychology. New York :Academic Press.
Berkowitz, Leonard. 2000. Causes and Consequnces of Feeling. New York : Cambridge University Press.
Berkowitz, Leonard. 2003. Emotional Behavior (buku kesatu). Jakarta : PPM.
Felson, Richard. 1984. Patterns of Aggressive Social Interaction. Social Psychology of Aggression: From Individual Behavior to Social Interaction. New York : Springer (p.107-126).
Harris, Ian & Marry Lee Morrison. 2013 Peace Education, 3rd edition. London :Mcfarland & Company.
Johnson, D.W dan Roger Johnson. 2011. Peace Education in The Classroom : Creating Effective Peace Education Programs dalam Salomon G dan Ed Cairns (Eds.), Handbook on Peace Education. (p.223- 241) Psychology Press : United Kingdom.
Lestari, Fitri., Mulyati, Rani. 2008. Problem Focused Coping dan Perilaku Agresif Remaja Ditinjau Dari Jenis Kelamin. Naskah Publikasi. UII Jogjakarta.(Online) (http://psychology.uii.ac.id/images/stories/jadwal_kuliah/naskah-publikasi-04320198.pdf).
Marcus, Rogers. 2017. The Development of Aggression and Violence in Adolescence. New York : Palgrave.
Mitschel, Walter; DeSmet, Aaron; Kross, Ethan. 2016. Pengaturan Diri Dalam Resolusi Konflik. Handbook Resolusi Konflik. Bandung : NusaMedia.
Pambudiono, Agung. 2013. Perbedaan Kemampuan Berpikir Dan Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 7 Malang Berdasarkan Gender dengan penerapan Strategi Jigsaw. Laporan Penelitian. Universitas Malang (e-journal.um.ac.id).
Purwanto, Ngalim. 2007. Psikologi Pendidikan. Bandung: Remaja Rosda karya.
Rahmawati, Sudi. 2014. Pengaruh Akses Media Sosial, Gaya Pengasuhan dan Kekerasan Verbal Orang Tua Terhadap Karakter Siswa SMK di Bogor. Tesis. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB.
Suedfeld, Peter; Lucian Conway & Phillip Tetlock. 2001. Integrative Complexity And Political Decision That Lead to War or Peace. Peace, Conflict and Violence: Peace Psychology for 21th Century. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Suedfeld, Peter; Phillip Tetlock & Siegfried Streufert. Conceptual/Integrative Complexity. 2004. Motivation and Personality: Handbook of Thematic Content Analysis.New York: Cambrigde University Press.
Tornero Perez and Tapio Varis. 2010. Media Literacy and New Humanism. Unesco Institute for Information technology in education.
UNESCO. 2005. Peace Education: A Framework for Teacher Education. India.
UNESCO. 2011. Media and Information Literacy: Curriculum for Teacher. Paris.
UNICEF. 1999. Peace Education. New York
Jurnal
Anderson, Craig dan Brad Bushman. 2002. Human Aggression. Annual Review Psychology. No.53 (p.27-51).
Heong, Y. M., Othman, W. B., Yunos.J, Kiong, T., Hassan R., Mohamad, M.M. 2011. The Level of Marzano Higher Order Thingking Skills among Technical Education Students. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity. Vol.01 No.2. http://ww.ijssh.org/papers/20-H009.pdf.
Reese, H. W., Lee,L., Cohen,S. H., Pucket, J. M. 2009. Effect of Intellectual Variables, Age, and Gender on Divergent Thinking in Adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25 (6), p.491-500 (Online), (nccuir.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.199/20791/p99.pdf).
Walsh, C. M., & Hardy, R.C. 1999. Dispositional Differences in Critical Thinking Related to Gender and Academic mayor. Journal of Nursing Education. Apr 1999;38 (4). Proquest Central, p.149.
Wiladantika, Kadek; Dharsana, Ketut dan Suranata, Kadek. 2014. Penerapan Konseling Behavioral Dengan Teknik Modelling Untuk Meminimalisir Perilaku Agresif Siswa Kelas XI Bahasa SMA Negeri 2 SIngaraja. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling. Vo.2 no.01. diakses melalui http://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JIBK/article/view/3717.
Website
www.KPAI.go.id/Bankdata
Kemendikbud.2016. Laporan Ratas-Anti Kekerasan. Online. Diakses dari www.kemnedikbud.go.id.
Noor, Mulvi (2016, Februari 10). Kasus Tawuran di Kota Bogor Meningkat. Metrotvnews.com diakses dari http://m.metrotvnews.com/read/2016/02/10/482119/kasus-tawuran-di-kota-bogor-meningkat.
