Resolusi Konflik Agraria Dalam Pembangunan Bandara New Yogyakarta International Airport (NYIA) di Kulon Progo

Abstract

Abstrak -- Pembangunan bandara NYIA sebagai proyek strategis nasional, mendapat penolakan masyarakat. Tulisan ini membahas dinamika konflik antara masyarakat dengan Angkasa Pura I serta resolusi konflik yang dilakukan. Pendekatan penelitian kualitatif studi kasus dengan metode wawancara, FGD, studi pustaka, dan observasi. Konflik dilatarbelakangi kesenjangan kebijakan dengan opini publik. Konflik juga terkait faktor struktural, tumpang tindih kebijakan pertanahan Pemerintah Pusat dengan DIY. Kerumitan dan kompleksitas konflik karena keterlibatan 42 aktor. Fenomena ‘perempuan melawan’, keterlibatan aktivis serta pemerintah yang saling berlomba membangun persepsi masyarakat melalui berbagai media, merupakan gambaran dinamika konflik yang terjadi. Konflik menimbulkan konsekuensi; rusaknya kontrak sosial, intimidasi dan kekerasan, serta perubahan sikap masyarakat. Upaya perdamaian dilakukan oleh lembaga Pemerintah maupun Nonpemerintah. Pemkab yang berupaya persuasif, didukung Ombudsman RI yang mendorong dialog, serta keterlibatan Komnas HAM dalam memediasi pihak berkonflik. Litigasi sebagai resolusi konflik pertama, gagal mencapai win-win solution. Kemudian diinisiasi dengan langkah dialog, negosiasi maupun pendekatan individu, juga memaksimalkan ganti rugi dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Orientasi penyelesaian hingga transformasi konflik dominan dilakukan Pemkab Kulon Progo, di samping peran pihak ketiga dalam menengahi konflik. Diharapkan, penelitian ini berkontribusi mendorong kelompok fungsional merumuskan mekanisme penyelesaian konflik agraria lintas sektor, terintegrasi dan terkoordinasi yang diperuntukan pada pembangunan kepentingan umum.

Kata Kunci: resolusi konflik, konflik agraria, kepentingan umum

Abstract -- Construction of NYIA airport as national project received society rejection. This paper discusses the dynamics conflict between society with Angkasa Pura I and conflict resolution. Qualitative approach of case studies with interview, FGD, study literature, and observations methods. Conflict caused by policy gap with public opinion. Conflicts related structural factors, overlapping land policies of the Central Government with DIY. The complexity of conflict because involvement 42 actors. The phenomenon of 'women against' and activist’s engagement as well as the Government are vying to build the public perception through of media is an overview of the dynamics conflict. Conflict has consequences; damage social contract, violence and intimidation, the changing attitudes of society. Various peace efforts have been done by the Government or Non-governmental institutions. The district strives to persuasive, Ombudsman RI encourage dialogue, as well as the involvement of Komnas HAM in mediating. Litigation as first conflict resolution failed to achieve solution; then initiating with dialogue, negotiation or individual approach, beside of maximizing compensation and community empowerment. The district government is dominant in orientation of transforming; beside of the strategic role of third parties in mediating the conflict became important findings too. Hopefully, this study contributes to the academic with regards to the analysis of conflict resolution. This study encourages functional groups to form an integrated and coordinated mechanism for resolving agrarian conflicts in the development of public interests.

Keywords: conflict resolution, agrarian conflict, public interest