PENYUSUNAN GRAND STRATEGY KEAMANAN NASIONAL UNTUK OPTIMALISASI KEKUATAN NASIONAL INDONESIA
Abstract
Abstrak -- Belum optimalnya sistem keamanan nasional di tengah perkembangan lingkungan strategis global dan domestik, mendorong urgensi lahirnya sebuah Grand Strategy keamanan nasional yang komprehensif agar dalam gelar kekuatan nasional Indonesia mampu menghadapi dinamika ancaman saat ini dan yang akan datang. Namun ketiadaan Grand Strategy keamanan nasional yang komprehensif membuat kerancuan dalam pelaksanaan sistem keamanan nasional khususnya ketika terdapat tumpang tindih tugas pokok dan fungsi masing-masing perangkat alat keamanan nasional, yang memiliki strateginya masing-masing. Hal ini turut pula menyebabkan menurunnya ketahanan bangsa dan negara sehingga patogen ancaman dari luar gampang masuk menjangkiti kondisi instabilitas yang rentan. Untuk itu diperlukan sebuah kajian untuk menganalisis kembali penyusunan Grand Strategy Keamanan Nasional sehingga gelar kekuatan nasional Indonesia dapat berjalan optimal sebagai tema penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi literatur. Dalam kajian analisa ini peneliti menggunakan strategy formulation model yakni kerangka formulasi strategi oleh National Defense University dan U.S Army War College Department National Security Policy and Strategy. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa dalam penyusunan grand strategy keamanan nasional harus didasarkan dengan tujuan nasional yang mengandung nilai-nilai, keyakinan, filosofi, serta etik Indonesia. Selanjutnya hal ini dicerminkan dalam kepentingan nasional untuk dituangkan dalam kesatuan Grand Strategy keamanan nasional, yang turut menjadi obyektif nasional Indonesia (ends). Sementara itu, dalam hal kekuatan nasional sendiri (means) tidak hanya memasukkan unsur sumber daya nasional sebagai elemen kekuatan nasional Indonesia, namun juga memasukkan instrumen kekuatan nasional misalnya saja berupa DIMEFIL (diplomacy, information, military, economic, financial, intelligent, law enforcement), serta memasukkan unsur aktor sebagai Users untuk menghasilkan gelar kekuatan nasional yang optimal. Untuk penggunaan cara (ways) dapat menggunakan penahanan, atau supremasi sesuai dengan cakupan konsep kekuatan nasional (Means).
Kata kunci : grand strategy, lingkungan strategi, kekuatan nasional
Abstract -- The lack of optimal national security system in the midst of developments in the global and domestic strategic environment, encourages the urgency of the birth of a comprehensive national security strategy for Indonesia national power is able to face the current and future threat dynamics as this journal theme. However, the absence of a comprehensive national security Grand Strategy has created confusion in the implementation of the national security system, especially when there are overlaps in the basic tasks and functions of each national security actors, which has its own strategies. This also contributes to the decline in the resilience of the nation and state so that pathogens from outside threats can easily infect vulnerable conditions of instability. Therefore, a study is needed to re-analyze the preparation of the National Security Grand Strategy so the deployment of Indonesian national power can run optimally as the theme of this research. This research is a qualitative research with data collection methods through interviews, observation, and literature studies. In this analysis study, researchers used a strategy formulation model, namely the strategy formulation framework by National Defense University and the U.S Army War College Department's National Security Policy and Strategy. The results of this study are that in the making of the national security grand strategy, it must be based on national purposes that contain Indonesian values, beliefs, philosophies and ethics. Furthermore, this is reflected in the national interests to be expressed in the unity of the national security Grand Strategy, which also becomes the ends of the Indonesian national. Meanwhile, in terms of national power alone (means) not only includes elements of national resources as elements of Indonesia's national strength, but also includes national power instruments such as DIMEFIL (diplomacy, information, military, economic, financial, intelligent, law enforcement) , and include elements of actors as Users to produce optimal national power titles. For the use of ways, can use detention, or supremacy in accordance with the scope of the concept of national power (Means).
Keywords: grand strategy, strategic environment, national power
References
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Undang – Undang Dasar Negara Kesatuan republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Buku Putih Pertahanan Indonesia Tahun 2015.