URGENSI KEBIJAKAN NASIONAL DALAM MENANGGULANGI IMIGRAN ILEGAL MELALUI DOMAIN MARITIM TAHUN 2011-2016
Abstract
Abstrak - Dikenal sebagai Negara transit, Indonesia dengan bentuk Negara kepulauan tidak lepas dari permasalahan imigran illegal khususnya pencari suaka dan pengungsi. Tercatat terjadi peningkatan jumlah pengungsi dan pencari suaka yang ditangani di Indonesia, dimana hingga akhir tahun 2016 jumlah pengungsi dan pencari suaka yang ditangani sudah mencapai sebesar 14.191 orang, meningkat tajam dibandingkan angka pada tahun 2011 yang hanya sekitar 4.052 orang pengungsi dan pencari suaka. Hal ini menarik untuk diteliti mengingat walaupun jumlah pengungsi dan pencari suaka meningkat di Indonesia, tetapi pemerintah belum mengeluarkan kebijakan khusus untuk menekan jumlah tersebut. Berdasarkan fakta-fakta tersebut, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana urgensi kebijakan nasional itu diperlukan dalam menekan jumlah imigran illegal yang meningkat setiap tahunnya, dan melihat bagaimana kebijakan ini dapat membantu membuat penanganan imigran illegal khususnya pencari suaka dan pengungsi menjadi lebih efektif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan proses analisis permasalahan menggunakan teori kebijakan, konsep keamanan maritime, teori pipa, teori good order at sea, konsep domain maritim, dan teori efektivitas hukum. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah teridentifikasinya kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam penanganan pencari suaka dan pengungsi, serta bahwa urgensi kebijakan sangat diperlukan dalam menekan jumlah pengungsi dan pencari suaka yang ditangani di Indonesia ataupun yang akan datang ke Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Imigran illegal, penanganan pengungsi dan pencari suaka, kebijakan, keamanan maritim
Abstract - Known as a transit country, Indonesia can not be separated from the problem of illegal immigrants, especially refugees and asylum seekers. Recorded an increasing number of refugees and asylum seekers are dealt with in Indonesia, where until the end of 2016 the number of refugees and asylum seekers were handled already reached 14 191 people, a sharp increase compared to figures in 2011 were only about 4,052 refugees and asylum seekers. It is interesting to be given even if the number of refugees and asylum seekers increased in Indonesia, but the government has not issued specific policies to suppress the amount. Based on these facts, the study aims to analyze how the urgency of national policy is needed to suppress the number of illegal immigrants is increasing every year, and see how this policy can help to make the handling of illegal immigrants, especially refugees and asylum seekers to be more effective. The method used is qualitative analysis while using the policy theory, the concept of maritime security, Pipe Concept, the theory of good order at sea, maritime domain concept, and theory of the effectiveness of the law. Results from this study is the identification of the constraints faced in the handling of asylum seekers and refugees, and that the urgency of policy is indispensable in reducing the number of refugees and asylum seekers are dealt with in Indonesia, or that will come to Indonesia.
Keywords: Illegal Migrants, handling of refugees and asylum seekers, Policy, Maritime SecurityReferences
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