Konflik Hacker sebagai Non-State Actor dalam Ketegangan Hubungan Indonesia – Australia pada Tahun 2013

Penulis

  • David Yacobus Program Studi Peperangan Asimetris Universitas Pertahanan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33172/pa.v3i2.96

Abstrak

Abstrak - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran hacker sebagai non-state actor pada saat terjadi ketegangan hubungan antara Indonesia dengan Australia pada tahun 2013. Keadaan ini dipicu oleh adanya insiden penyadapan oleh suatu badan dalam pemerintah Australia yang menjadikan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, ibu negara, serta beberapa pejabat tinggi lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui observasi dan studi pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, para hacker yang berkonflik merupakan entitas yang otonom dari pemerintah masing-masing negara terlepas dari identitas kenegaraan yang disandang para hacker di kedua belah pihak yaitu Anonymous Indonesia (AnonIndo) dan Anonymous Australia (AnonAU). Kedua, pihak yang bertikai menggunakan pendekatan yang berbeda dalam melakukan serangan selain mentargetkan situs pemerintah yaitu AnonIndo banyak menyerang situs milik masyarakat sipil sementara AnonAu lebih cenderung melakukan serangan pada infrastruktur kritikal. Ketiga, konflik antar para hacker Indonesia vs Australia tetap berlanjut sekalipun pemerintah kedua negara sudah tidak lagi bersitegang.

Kata kunci: Hacker, Non-state Actor, Indonesia, Australia, 2013

 

Abstract - This study aims to analyze hacker’s role as non-state actor during the tension in relationship between Indonesia and Australia in 2013. This condition was triggered by eavesdropping incident by a body inside the Australian government that targets President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, the first lady, and several other high ranking officials. This study use qualitative approach using observation and documents review. The results of this study indicate that: First, the hackers that are engaging in conflict is an autonomous entity in relation with governments from both countries regardless the national identity used by hackers in both sides which are Anonymous Indonesia (AnonIndo) and Anonymous Australia (AnonAU). Second, the opposing parties use different approach other than targeting government sites where AnonIndo often attacks civilian owned sites while AnonAu tends to attack critical infrastructures. Third, conflict among Indonesian vs Australian hackers continues although governments from both countries no longer in tense condition.

Keywords : Hacker, Non-state Actor, Indonesia, Australia, 2013

Biografi Penulis

David Yacobus, Program Studi Peperangan Asimetris Universitas Pertahanan

Program Studi Peperangan Asimetris Universitas Pertahanan

Referensi

Daftar Pustaka

AnonAU. (2013). Anonau_follow_up_of_final_warning. Diakses Januari 1, 2017, dari http://pastebin.com/0aZY2yZf)

Bachelard, M. (2013). Indonesia demands Australian ambassador explain reports of spying from embassy in Jakarta. Diakses Januari 5, 2017, dari http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/Indonesia-demands-australian-ambassador-explain-reports-of-spying-from-embassy-in-jakarta-20131031-2wmfe.html

BBC Indonesia. (2013). TNI hentikan kerja sama militer dengan Australia. Diakses Januari 3, 2017, dari http://www.bbc.com/Indonesia/berita_Indonesia/2013/11/131121_kemenhan_kerjasama_militer_dihentikan

Brissenden, M. (2014). Australia spied on Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, leaked Edward Snowden documents reveal. ABC News. Diakses Januari 1, 2017, dari http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-18/australia-spied-on-Indonesian-president,-leaked-documents-reveal/5098860

Dissent. (2015). Three men associated with Anonymous Australia facing jail time: Part 1. Diakses Januari 7, 2017, dari https://www.databreaches.net/three-men-associated-with-anonymous-australia-facing-jail-time-part-1/

Johnston, L. (2013). Hundreds of Australian Websites Attacked for #OpAustralia By Indonesian Hackers, Threats Made To Australia. Diakses Januari 1, 2017, dari https://www.cyberwarnews.info/2013/11/03/hundreds-of-australian-websites-attacked-for-opaustralia-by-indonesian-hackers/

MacAskill, E. & Taylor, L. (2013). Australia's spy agencies targeted Indonesian president's mobile phone. The Guardian. Diakses Januari 1, 2017, dari https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/18/australia-tried-to-monitor-Indonesian-presidents-phone

Prabhu, V. (2013). #OpAustralia by Indonesian hackers; 170+ Australian websites hacked and defaced by Indonesian hackers. Diakses Januari 3, 2017, dari http://www.techworm.net/2013/11/opaustralia-by-Indonesian-hackers-170.html

Rahayu, J. T. (2013). Polri hentikan sementara kerja sama dengan Australia. Antaranews.com. Diakses Januari 1, 2017, dari http://www.antaranews.com/berita/406332/polri-hentikan-sementara-kerja-sama-dengan-australia

Schonhardt, S. (2013). Tensions Ease in Indonesia-Australia Spying Row. Wall Street Journal. Diakses Januari 1, 2017, dari http://blogs.wsj.com/indonesiarealtime/2013/11/27/tensions-ease-in-indonesia-australia-spying-row/

Snowden Surveillance Archives (2013). 3G: Impact and update. Diakses januari 1, 2017, dari https://snowdenarchive.cjfe.org/greenstone/collect/snowden1/index/assoc/HASH1fcc.dir/doc.pdf

Waluyo, A. (2013). Presiden Hentikan Sementara Kerja Sama dengan Australia. Diakses Januari 5, 2017, dari http://www.voaIndonesia.com/a/presiden-hentikan-sementara-kerja-sama-dengan-australia/1793799.html

Waluyo, A. (2013). Protes Penyadapan, Indonesia Tarik Dubes RI untuk Australia. Diakses Januari 5, 2017, dari http://www.voaIndonesia.com/a/Indonesia-panggil-dubes-australia-soal-dugaan-mata-mata/1792253.html

Unduhan

Diterbitkan

2017-07-19

Cara Mengutip

Yacobus, D. (2017). Konflik Hacker sebagai Non-State Actor dalam Ketegangan Hubungan Indonesia – Australia pada Tahun 2013. Peperangan Asimetris (PA), 3(2). https://doi.org/10.33172/pa.v3i2.96

Terbitan

Vol 3 No 2 (2017): Jurnal Peperangan Asimetris

Bagian

Articles

Lisensi

Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

 Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Delayed Open Access. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)