Perbandingan Kebijakan Desentralisasi Asimetris antara Filipina Selatan dan Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33172/pa.v3i2.98Abstract
Abstrak - Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah mencoba menjelaskan strategi pemerintah Filipina dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan insurjensi di Filipina Selatan melalui kebijakan desentralisasi. Konflik yang terjadi di Filipina Selatan mengakibatkan adanya minoritas muslim yang menginginkan untuk merdeka. Selain itu penulisan ini mencoba membandingkan dengan kebijakan desentralisasi yang telah dilakukan lebih dulu oleh Indonesia dalam menanggulangi gerakan insurjensi di Aceh.
Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penulisan eksplanatif – kualitatif. Metode ini merupakan suatu usaha untuk mengumpulkan, menyusun dan menjelaskan suatu penelitian dan data yang ada, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menganalisa data. Sedangkan untuk metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan studi kepustakaan yang berupa dokumen ilmiah, artikel, jurnal ilmiah internasional dan nasional, koran serta internet dengan sumber yang relevan. Selain itu juga penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara dengan melakukan tanya jawab dengan pihak – pihak terkait dan yang berwenang memberi keterangan mengenai masalah yang ada.
Dalam menganalisa, penulisan ini menggunakan teori desentralisasi asimetris atau yang sering disebut dengan otonomi khusus. Melalui teori ini dapat diketahui perkembangan dari upaya penanggulangan gerakan insurjensi di Filipina Selatan. Konflik di Filipina Selatan telah terjadi selama bertahun-tahun yang berawal dari masa kependudukan Spanyol di Filipina. Konflik semakin berlanjut karena wilayah Mindanao yang di dominasi muslim Filipina justru semakin memburuk dan terjerat persoalan kemiskinan. Faktor kesenjangan kesejahteraan dengan daerah lain tersebut yang membuat gerakan-gerakan insurjensi Filipina Selatan berkeinginan untuk merdeka. Namun melalui upaya desentralisasi asimetris tersebut diharapkan kesejahteraan di Filipina Selatan terpenuhi tanpa harus memisahkan diri dari Filipina. Hasil sementara pada penulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa desentralisasi asimetris di Filipina Selatan belum terealisasi secara tepat waktu sesuai yang ditetapkan dan belum berjalan efektif seperti yang diberikan oleh pemerintah Indonesia kepada wilayah Aceh.
Kata Kunci: Gerakan insurjensi, Filipina Selatan, Penanggulangan Insurjensi, Desentralisasi Asimetris
Abstract - The purpose of this paper is to try to explain the Philippine government's strategy of solving insurgency problems in Southern Philippines through a policy of decentralization. The conflict in Southern Philippines resulted in a minority of Muslims desiring to be independent. In addition, this paper tries to compare with the policy of decentralization which has been done earlier by Indonesia in tackling the insurgency movement in Aceh.
This paper using explanative - qualitative writing method. This method is an attempt to collect, compile and explain an existing research and data, then continued by analyzing the data. As for the method of collecting data in this study is by library studies in the form of scientific documents, articles, international and national scientific journals, newspapers and internet with relevant sources. In addition, this study also uses interview method by conducting question and answer with related parties and authorized to give information about the problem.
In analyzing, this paper uses the theory of asymmetric decentralization or often referred to as special autonomy. Through this theory, the development of efforts to overcome the insurgency movement in Southern Philippines, can be analyzed. The conflict in Southern Philippines has been going on for many years beginning with the Spanish period of residence in the Philippines. The conflict is continuing because of the dominant territory of Mindanao Filipinese is getting worse and entangled in the problem of poverty. The welfare gap factor with these other regions makes the insurgency ovements of Southern Philippines, who desired to be independent. But through such asymmetric decentralization efforts it is hoped that prosperity in Southern Philippines will be fulfilled without having to separate from the Filipinos. The interim results in this paper conclude that asymmetric decentralization in Southern Philippines has not been realized in a timely fashion as it has been established and has not worked effectively as the Indonesian government did to the Aceh region.
Keywords: Insurrency Movement, Southern Philippines, Insurrency Handling, Asymmetric Decentralization
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