Kebijakan Strategis Pemberdayaan Diaspora Indonesia Untuk Pertahanan Negara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56555/sps.v4i2.286Abstract
Abstrak -- Konseptualitas pertahanan negara Indonesia dikonstruksikan dalam sistem pertahanan secara semesta dengan mengerahkan seluruh warga negara di seluruh wilayah NKRI. Diaspora Indonesia adalah WNI yang menetap dan beraktivitas di luar negeri. Dengan jumlah sekitar 8 juta, tersebar di berbagai negara, diversitas profesi, komunitas transnasional, Diaspora Indonesia memiliki potensi untuk diberdayakan untuk pertahanan negara. Di sisi lain, tantangan dan ancaman yang dihadapi saat ini dipengaruhi kompleksitas dinamika influensial perkembangan lingkungan strategis. Eksistensi Diaspora Indonesia selama ini berkembang secara sporadis, bebas dan kurang mendapatkan pembinaan dalam entitas nasionalistik yang baik. Mengingat kekhasan karakteristiknya, pemberdayaan Diaspora Indonesia untuk pertahanan negara perlu dirancang dalam kebijakan strategis yang terpadu. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kebijakan strategis pemberdayaan Diaspora Indonesia untuk pertahanan negara. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan pendekatan phenomenology. Pejabat di Kemenhan dan Kemenlu terkait kebijakan pemberdayaan Diaspora Indonesia dijadikan subjek penelitian sesuai purposive sampling. Realita yang diperoleh dalam penelitian bahwa perkembangan Diaspora Indonesia belum tercatat secara akurat dan sistematis. Renstra Kemenlu 2015-2019 dan Jakgarhanneg Kemenhan 2015-2019 belum dijabarkan dalam kebijakan pemberdayaan Diaspora Indonesia secara spesifik. Kausalitas yang mengemuka bahwa Pejabat Kemenlu belum memahami konsep pertahanan negara, sementara Pejabat Kemehan masih berorientasi pada teritori NKRI dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat, selain belum adanya kesepemahaman dan pencatatan yang akurat atas Diaspora Indonesia. Kedua Kementerian pun belum dapat bersinergi. Berdasarkan perspektif struktural-fungsional, substantif pemberdayaan, dan tujuan-strategi, menghasilkan konklusi bahwa kebijakan strategis pemberdayaan Diaspora Indonesia untuk pertahanan negara belum ada.
Kata Kunci: Diaspora, Pemberdayaan, Kebijakan, Sinergitas, Pertahanan
Abstract
Indonesia national defense (ND) concept is constructed in a universal defense system by mobilizing all citizens throughout Indonesian territory. Indonesian Diaspora (ID) are Indonesian Citizens who reside and pursuit their live abroad. With about 8 million, spread abroad, professional diversity, and transnational communities, ID is potential assets to be empowered for ND. On the other hand, the challenges and threats emerged today are influenced by the complexities of the dynamics of the strategic environment development. ID’s existence so far has been intensifying sporadically, freely and lacks handling in a good nationalistic entity. By looking at its characteristics, the empowerment of the ID for ND needs to be designed in an integrated strategic policy. The inquiry research adopted is how strategic policy of empowering ID for ND. This study using qualitative method, with a phenomenology approach. The Officials at the Ministry of Defense (MOD) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) related to the empowerment policy of ID are put as research subjects based on purposive sampling. The MOFA Strategic Plans 2015-2019 and the MOD Jakgarhanneg 2015-2019 haven’t been elaborated into specific policy on empowering ID. MOFA Officials don’t understand the ND concept, while MOD Officials remain their perspective based on territory orientation, besides differ about and no details in ID. On the other side, the both Ministries are not in synergy as well. The conclusion here, based on structure-functional, empowerment substantive, and objective-strategy, as of today, the strategic policy on ID empowerment for ND doesn’t exist yet.
Keywords : diaspora, empowerment, policy, synergy, defense
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