Kebijakan Strategis Pemberdayaan Diaspora Indonesia Untuk Pertahanan Negara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56555/sps.v4i2.286Abstrak
Abstrak -- Konseptualitas pertahanan negara Indonesia dikonstruksikan dalam sistem pertahanan secara semesta dengan mengerahkan seluruh warga negara di seluruh wilayah NKRI. Diaspora Indonesia adalah WNI yang menetap dan beraktivitas di luar negeri. Dengan jumlah sekitar 8 juta, tersebar di berbagai negara, diversitas profesi, komunitas transnasional, Diaspora Indonesia memiliki potensi untuk diberdayakan untuk pertahanan negara. Di sisi lain, tantangan dan ancaman yang dihadapi saat ini dipengaruhi kompleksitas dinamika influensial perkembangan lingkungan strategis. Eksistensi Diaspora Indonesia selama ini berkembang secara sporadis, bebas dan kurang mendapatkan pembinaan dalam entitas nasionalistik yang baik. Mengingat kekhasan karakteristiknya, pemberdayaan Diaspora Indonesia untuk pertahanan negara perlu dirancang dalam kebijakan strategis yang terpadu. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kebijakan strategis pemberdayaan Diaspora Indonesia untuk pertahanan negara. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan pendekatan phenomenology. Pejabat di Kemenhan dan Kemenlu terkait kebijakan pemberdayaan Diaspora Indonesia dijadikan subjek penelitian sesuai purposive sampling. Realita yang diperoleh dalam penelitian bahwa perkembangan Diaspora Indonesia belum tercatat secara akurat dan sistematis. Renstra Kemenlu 2015-2019 dan Jakgarhanneg Kemenhan 2015-2019 belum dijabarkan dalam kebijakan pemberdayaan Diaspora Indonesia secara spesifik. Kausalitas yang mengemuka bahwa Pejabat Kemenlu belum memahami konsep pertahanan negara, sementara Pejabat Kemehan masih berorientasi pada teritori NKRI dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat, selain belum adanya kesepemahaman dan pencatatan yang akurat atas Diaspora Indonesia. Kedua Kementerian pun belum dapat bersinergi. Berdasarkan perspektif struktural-fungsional, substantif pemberdayaan, dan tujuan-strategi, menghasilkan konklusi bahwa kebijakan strategis pemberdayaan Diaspora Indonesia untuk pertahanan negara belum ada.
Kata Kunci: Diaspora, Pemberdayaan, Kebijakan, Sinergitas, Pertahanan
Abstract
Indonesia national defense (ND) concept is constructed in a universal defense system by mobilizing all citizens throughout Indonesian territory. Indonesian Diaspora (ID) are Indonesian Citizens who reside and pursuit their live abroad. With about 8 million, spread abroad, professional diversity, and transnational communities, ID is potential assets to be empowered for ND. On the other hand, the challenges and threats emerged today are influenced by the complexities of the dynamics of the strategic environment development. ID’s existence so far has been intensifying sporadically, freely and lacks handling in a good nationalistic entity. By looking at its characteristics, the empowerment of the ID for ND needs to be designed in an integrated strategic policy. The inquiry research adopted is how strategic policy of empowering ID for ND. This study using qualitative method, with a phenomenology approach. The Officials at the Ministry of Defense (MOD) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) related to the empowerment policy of ID are put as research subjects based on purposive sampling. The MOFA Strategic Plans 2015-2019 and the MOD Jakgarhanneg 2015-2019 haven’t been elaborated into specific policy on empowering ID. MOFA Officials don’t understand the ND concept, while MOD Officials remain their perspective based on territory orientation, besides differ about and no details in ID. On the other side, the both Ministries are not in synergy as well. The conclusion here, based on structure-functional, empowerment substantive, and objective-strategy, as of today, the strategic policy on ID empowerment for ND doesn’t exist yet.
Keywords : diaspora, empowerment, policy, synergy, defense
Referensi
Daftar Pustaka
Buku
Anwas, Oos M. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Era Global. Bandung. Penerbit Alfabeta. 2014.
Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitaive, and Mixed Methodes Approaches. 3rd Edition. California. SAGE Publications Inc. 2009.
Hoppe, Hans-Hermann. The Myth of National Defense : Essays on the Theory and History of Security Production. Alabama. Ludwig von Mises Institute. 2003.
Johnson, R. Burke. dan Christensen, Larry. Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches, 5th Edition. California. SAGE Publication Inc. 2014.
Jooste, Petri. Synergy Between Humans and Software Agents. pada buku berjudul Synergy Matters : Working with Systems in the 21st Century. Kluwer Academic Publishers. London. 2002.
Kementerian Pertahanan. Buku Putih Pertahanan 2014. Cetakan Kedua. Jakarta. 2014.
_____________________. Doktrin Pertahanan Negara 2015. Cetakan Ketiga. Jakarta. 2015.
_____________________. Strategi Pertahanan Negara 2014. Cetakan Kedua. Jakarta. 2014.
Ritchie, Jane. dan Lewis, Jane. Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. First Published. London. SAGE Publication Inc. 2003.
Sahoo, Sadananda. dan Pattanaik, BK. Global Diasporas and Development: Socioeconomic, Cultural, and Policy Perspectives. New Delhi. Spinger. 2014.
Saunders, RG. Bob. Synergy in a Complex and Post-Modern World. pada buku berjudul Synergy Matters : Working with Systems in the 21st Century. London. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2002.
Smith, Kevin B. & Larimer, Christoper W. The Public Policy Theory Primer. Philadelphia. Westview Press. 2009.
Soetopo, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat : Mungkinkah Muncul Antitesisnya. Cetakan III. Yogyakarta, Pustaka Pelajar. 2015.
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kebijakan : Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Kombinasi, R&D dan Penelitian Evaluasi. Bandung. Penerbit Alfabeta. 2017.
Undang-Undang/ Peraturan
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, Pembukaan.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 2002 tentang Pertahanan Negara.
Internet
Republika.co.id. Sumpah Pemuda, Jaringan Global Diaspora Indonesia Dibentuk. diakses dari situs https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/13/10/28/mvdku1-sumpah-pemuda-jaringan-global-diaspora-indonesia-dibentuk pada tanggal 2 September 2018.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Delayed Open Access. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
