KAJIAN TERAMEKANIKA PENDARATAN KENDARAAN AMPHIBIOUS RIG M3 PADA TEPIAN SUNGAI TERJAL DAN JENIS LEMPUNG MELALUI STUDI KASUS LATIHAN DI GEDEBAGE BANDUNG
Abstract
Kendaraan Amphibious RIG M3 merupakan salah satu alutsista TNI AD yang digunakan dalam misi penyeberangan sungai pada Operasi Militer Perang (OMP) maupun mitigasi kebencanaan pada Operasi Militer Selain Perang (OMSP). Titik kritis pertama penggunaan kendaraan amfibi adalah ketersediaan landasan agar proses pendaratan dapat berjalan dengan aman. Aspek topografis berupa lereng terjal dan geologis berupa daya dukung tanah yang buruk akan menjadi masalah bagi kendaraan amfibi untuk melakukan pendaratan. Pembahasan pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui proses teramekanika kendaraan amfibi pada saat melakukan pendaratan di landasan berupa tanah berjenis lempung sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran seberapa besar kemiringan landasan yang akan menyebabkan No Go bagi kendaraan amfibi untuk mendarat. Karakteristik sungai bertepian terjal dan berjenis tanah lempung sebagai tinjauan masalah dalam pendaratan amfibi mengambil contoh pada studi kasus latihan simulasi penyeberangan sungai dengan menggunakan kendaraan Amphibious RIG M3 oleh Batalyon Zeni Tempur 9 Lang Lang Bhuwana Kostrad di Gedebage Bandung. Pembahasan mempergunakan bidang ilmu teramekanika yaitu menitikberatkan pada interaksi muka ban dan tanah dengan menggunakan metode Wong melalui benchmark pada hasil penelitian Tison (2019). Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan jenis tanah lempung (clay) merupakan faktor penghambat dalam proses pendaratan, kemiringan landasan pendaratan sebesar 13,75% pada jenis tanah tersebut mengakibatkan kendaraan Amphibious RIG M3 tidak dapat melakukan pendaratan (No Go), sehingga diperlukan sebuah alat, metode dan material bantu. Proses ketidakmampuan kendaraan amfibi dalam melakukan pendaratan disebabkan oleh terjadinya sinkage (roda terbenam) pada interaksi antar muka roda dan tanah.
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