Human Security Act of 2007 Sebagai Bentuk dari Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Upaya Kontra Terorisme di Republik Filipina

Penulis

  • Annisaa Mutiara Damayanti Ariohudoyo Program Studi Peperangan Asimetris Universitas Pertahanan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33172/pa.v3i1.90

Abstrak

Abstrak - Selama bertahun-tahun, pemerintah Filipina menindak terduga teroris tanpa menggunakan undang-undang anti-teror. Ketiadaan tersebut menjadikan sulit untuk membedakan dalam menghukum teroris dan separatis. Sebagai respon atas pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Filipina dalam menghukum para separatis secara tidak adil, maka PBB melakukan suatu investigasi. Investigasi tersebut akhirnya membuat Filipina sebagai salah satu negara yang dimonitor oleh PBB dalam kaitannya dengan hak asasi manusia. Akhirnya, badan legislatif Filipina membuat suatu undang-undang anti-teror yang dinamakan Human Security Act of 2007 (HSA). Undang-undang ini mengkodifikasikan tindakan-tindakan yang dapat dihukum sebagai kejahatan terorisme. Sejak dikeluarkannya HSA, muncul protes-protes yang menyatakan bahwa HSA sangatlah tidak jelas dan tidak adil dalam konteks hak-hak individual. Tulisan ini akan menganalisi mengenai kesamar-samaran HSA sebagai undang-undang anti-teror di Filipina dan bagaimana undang-undang tersebut menghormati tiap aspek-aspek dalam hak asasi manusia.

Kata Kunci: Terorisme, Hak Asasi Manusia, HSA, Filipina

 

Abstract - For years, Philippines government prosecuted the terrorists without an anti-teror law. The absence make it difficult to distinguish between punishing terrorist and punishing secessionist. Responding to the violence of human right that have been done by the government of Philippines on punishing the secessionist un justly, the United Nation conducted an inverstigation. The invenstigation led to the placement of the Philippine government on the United Nation’s human rights watch list. The Philippine legislature, shortly thereafter, passed the Human Security Act of 2007 (HSA). This law codified the act punishable as crime of terrorisme. Since HAS has been issued, there were some complaints that HSA is very vague and unujust in the context of individual rights. This paper will analyze about the vagueness HSA as the anti-terror law in the Philippines and how it appreciate every aspects of human rights.

Keywords: Terrorism, human rights, HSA, Philippines

Biografi Penulis

Annisaa Mutiara Damayanti Ariohudoyo, Program Studi Peperangan Asimetris Universitas Pertahanan

Program Studi Peperangan Asimetris Universitas Pertahanan

Referensi

Daftar Pustaka

Hijacking Description 23 May 1976. (2009, 10 8). Retrieved June 22, 2016, from Aviation Savety Network: http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19760523-1

Manila Court Rules Anti-terror Law Constitutional. (2010, October 11). Retrieved June 22, 2016, from Asian Correspondent: http://asiancorrespondent.com/breakingnews/manila-court-rules-anti-terror-law-.htm

Abuza, Z. (2005). Balik Terrorism: The Return of the Abu Sayyaf. Retrieved from Strategic Studies Institute: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/print.cfm?q=625

Atkinson, G. (2012). Abu Sayyaf: The Father of the Swordsman. A Review of The Rise of Islamic Insurgency in the Southern Philippines, 4.

Bagayaua, G. (2007, September 10). 5 Petition Ask Court to Nullify Anti-Terror Law. Retrieved June 22, 2016, from NEWS BREAK: www.newsbreak.com.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3696&Itemid=88889005

Banlaoi, R. C. (2008). Al Harakatul Al Islamiyah: Essays on the Abu Sayyaf Group. Philippine Institute for Political Violence and Terrorism Research, 14.

Bjorgo, T. (2005). Root Causes of Terrorism: Myths, Reality, and Ways Forward. London: Routledge.

Bonlai, R. C. (2003). The War on Terrorism in Southeast Asia. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School.

CIA. (2008). CIA World Fact Book. Philippines: CIA.

Colemares, N. (2007). Outline of Critique of the Anti-Terrorism Law Know as the Human Security Act 2007. Counsel for the Defense of Civil Liberties (CODAL).

Eastman-Abaya, J. P. (2006). Philippines: The Killing Fields of Asia . Retrieved June 22, 2016, from petras.lahane.org: http://petras.lahaine.org/articulo.php?c=1&more=1&p=1660

Estoquia, A. (2007, February 13). Critics Warn President vs Rushing Anti-Terror Bill. Retrieved June 22, 2016, from BULATLAT: http://www.bulatlat.com/news/5-14/5-14-atb.htm

HSA. (2007). An Act To Secure the State and Protect Our People from Terrorism, Rep. Act 9372 (3).

Jr., R. A. (2003, December). The Causes and Prospect of the Southern Philippines Secessionist Movement. San Fransisco: Naval Postgraduate School.

Kristof, N. D. (2002, February 19). The Wrong War. The New York Times.

Manalo, E. P. (2004). The Philippine Response to Terrorism: The Abu Sayyaf Group. San Fransisco: Naval Post Graduate School.

McCullagh, D. (2002, September 3). Report: Anti-terror efforts pinch privacy. Retrieved June 22, 2016, from CNET NEWS: http://news.cnet.com/2100-1023-956286.html

Mouloud Boumghar, F. C. (2008). INTERNATIONAL FACT-FINDING MISSION: TERRORISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE PHILIPPIES, FIGHTING TERROR OR TERRORIZING? International Federation for Human Rights .

Muladi. (2002). Hak Asasi Manusia dan Reformasi Hukum di Indonesia. Jakarta: The Habibie Center.

Pereire, K. (2007, March 16). International CTR For Political Violence and Terrorism Research, Analysis and Review of The Philippines Human Security Act 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2016, from pvtr.org: http://www.pvtr.org/pdf/Legislative%20Response/revisedPhilippines%20CT%20LAW2007newi.pdf

Resolution, U. (2001). S.C Resolution 1373, U.N Doc S/Res/1373. United Nation.

Reuters. (2008, April 12). Long-Running Muslim and Communist Insurgencies . Retrieved June 22, 2016, from REUTERS ALERTNET: http:/www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/PH_SEP.htm?v=in_detail

Supapo, R. C. (2004). Philippine Security Relation: Its Implication For The Global War on Terrorism 2.

Vaughn, B. (2006). Congressional Research Service Report: Terrorism in South East Asia.

Diterbitkan

2017-09-20

Cara Mengutip

Ariohudoyo, A. M. D. (2017). Human Security Act of 2007 Sebagai Bentuk dari Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Upaya Kontra Terorisme di Republik Filipina. Peperangan Asimetris (PA), 3(1). https://doi.org/10.33172/pa.v3i1.90