ANALISIS DAN KARAKTERISASI FUELBINDER PROPELAN KOMPOSIT PADAT SEBAGAI UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN KEMANDIRIAN PRODUKSI PROPELAN ROKET DI LEMBAGA PENERBANGAN DAN ANTARIKSA NASIONAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33172/tsj.v2i1.678Abstrak
Penyusun utama propelan komposit padat terdiri dari oksidator dan fuelbinder. Hydroxy-terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) merupakan cairan bening yang sering digunakan sebagai binder dalam propelan komposit padat berkisar 15% – 20%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik HTPB dan pengaruh parameter kunci terhadap penurunan kinerja propelan LAPAN. Penelitian dilakukan secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode eksperimen. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ada empat, yaitu Cina (2018 dan 2016), Korea (Hanwa) dan Indonesia (LAPAN). Hasil karakterisasi viskositas HTPB berturut-turut 50,88 P; 58,88 P; 56,27 P dan 24,61 P, semua sampel berada jauh diatas standar, yaitu 0,5P. Nilai densitas hasil pengujian 0,9036 g/ml; 0,9025 g/ml, 0,9039 g/ml; dan 0,9161 g/ml, dimana sampel LAPAN memiliki nilai paling dekat dengan standar 0,92 g/ml. Hasil uji indeks bias 1,512; 1,512; 1,513 dan 1,511, sampel LAPAN memiliki nilai linear dengan nilai viskositasnya. Hasil uji bilangan hidroksil 40,4198 g/cm3; 48,7627 g/cm3; 24,579 g/cm3; dan 35,385 g/cm3, hanya satu sampel yang memenuhi standar IUPAC 45 g/cm3. Pengujian menggunakan instrumen FTIR menghasilkan pembacaan terhadap isomer cis pada 723 nm - 727 nm, vinil di frekuensi yang sama 910,4 nm dan trans pada 960 nm – 964 nm. Hidroksil sekunder pada panjang gelombang 2900 nm dan 3450 nm serta epoksi pada 3050 sesuai dengan referensi. Hasil uji menggunakan NMR menghasilkan pembacaan cis, trans dan vinil sesuai dengan rentang pergeseran kimia. Berdasarkan perhitungan menggunakan software statistik, parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap nilai Isp adalah densitas, yang berpengaruh terhadap kepekaan terhadap termal.
Kata kunci: densitas, HTPB, karakterisasi, LAPAN, propelan komposit
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